Table 2 Comparison between answers of the students without training (Group 1) and the trained students in infectious diseases (Group 3)

Relevance of the problem

Question 1. Do you think antibiotic resistance is a public health problem?

Microbiological cultures

Question 2. Do you think collecting specimens for microbiological cultures before starting empirical antibiotics is mandatory?

Empirical antibiotic treatment

Question 3. In a clinically stable patient with documented clinical infection, is it necessary to start empirical antibiotic treatment?

Question 4. Before starting empirical antibiotic treatment, should we consider the problem of antibiotic resistance?

De-escalation therapy

Question 5. Do you think empirical antibiotic treatment should be adjusted according to microbiological data and clinical evolution?

Combination therapy

Question 6. Do you think antibiotic combinations improve clinical results?

Prolonged duration

Question 7. Do you think prolonged duration of antibiotic treatment beyond what is recommended by clinical guidelines improves clinical outcomes?

Appropriate route

Question 8. Should conversion from parenteral to oral therapy of antibiotics with excellent bioavailability in clinically stable infected be considered?

Antibiotics for restricted use

Question 9. Do you think use of restricted drugs provides a clinical and microbiological benefit over first-line drugs?

Antibiotic cost

Question 10. Do you think cost of antibiotic treatment should be considered before its prescription?

Antibiotic stewardship program

Question 11. Do you know the Antibiotic Stewardship Program?

Question 12. Do you think the antibiotic Stewardship Program can improve medical training and clinical outcomes in the hospitals in which it is established?