Table 3 Summary of student perception of online learning based on positive and negative perception

Positive Perception

Flexibility

12

Al-Balas et al. (2020); Anwar et al. (2021); Bączek et al. (2021); Coffey et al. (2020); Dost et al. (2020); Gupta et al. (2021); Khalil et al. (2020); Schoenfeld-Tacher & Dorman (2021); Shahrvini et al. (2021); Suliman et al. (2021) Wang et al., (2020); Yoo et al. (2021); [19, 20, 31, 33, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 57, 62, 63]

Motivated and increase engagement

7

Anwar et al. (2021); Coffey et al. (2020); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Khan et al. (2021); Puljak et al. (2020); Sawarkar et al. (2020); Schoenfeld-Tacher & Dorman (2021) [21, 28, 31, 37, 40, 46, 54]

Save time

6

Anwar et al. (2021); Dost et al. (2020); Guiter et al. (2021); Gupta et al. (2021); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Yoo et al. (2021) [37, 42, 44,45,46, 62]

High interaction between instructors and students

6

Al- Balas et al. (2020); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Martinez et al. (2020); Olum et al. (2020); Puljak et al. (2020); Wang et al. (2021) [27, 30, 33, 46, 54, 61]

Help in clinical practices

4

De Ponti et al. (2020); Chandrasinghe et al. (2020); Co et al. (2021); Jiménez-Rodríguez & Arrogante (2020) [26, 32, 39, 41]

Save cost

3

Co et al. (2021); Dost et al. (2020); Sindiani et al. (2020) [26, 58, 64]

Watch and play recorded video at any time and place

3

Kim et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021); Yoo et al. (2021) [20, 48, 62]

Easy to communicate

2

Guiter et al. (2021); Muflih et al. (2021) [44, 53]

More time to study

2

Amir et al. (2020); Bączek et al. (2021) [36, 38]

High understanding

1

Merson et al. (2020) [52]

Negative Perception

Internet problem

16

Al- Balas et al. (2020); Alqurshi, (2020); Chandrasinghe et al., 2020); Co et al. (2021); Dost et al., (2020); Guiter et al. (2021); Gupta et al. (2021); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Khalil et al. (2020); Menon et al. (2021); Olum et al. (2020); Schoenfeld-Tacher & Dorman et al. (2021); Tigaa & Sonawane (2020); Tuma et al. (2021); Wang et al., (2021); Yoo et al., 2021) [19, 27, 31, 33, 34, 39, 42, 44,45,46, 51, 59,60,61,62]

Hard to communicate low interaction

16

Anwar et al. (2021); Alqurshi (2020); Bączek et al. (2021); Co et al. (2021); Gupta et al. (2021); Khalil et al. (2020); Khan et al. (2021); Kumar et al. (2020); Langegård et al. (2021); Menon et al. (2021); Rajab et al. (2020); Schoenfeld-Tacher & Dorman et al. (2021); Sindiani et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021) Wang et al. (2021); Yoo et al. (2021) [19,20,21,22, 26, 31, 34, 37, 38, 45, 49, 51, 55, 58, 61, 62]

Cannot apply clinical skills

11

Al- Balas et al. (2020); Alsoufi et al. (2020); Alqurshi (2020); Coffey et al. (2020); Gupta et al. (2021); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Khan et al. (2021); Kumar et al. (2020); Mahdy (2020); Shahrvini et al. (2021); Sindiani et al. (2020) [21, 33,34,35, 40, 45, 46, 49, 50, 57, 58]

Lack technology experience

6

De Ponti et al. (2020); Ibrahim et al. (2021); Muflih et al. (2021); Olum et al. (2020); Sandhaus et al. (2020); Wang et al., (2021) [27, 41, 46, 53, 56, 61]

Technological problems

6

Bączek et al. (2021); Langegård et al. (2021); Martinez et al. (2020); Olum et al. (2020); Sindiani et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021) [20, 22, 27, 30, 38, 58]

Related to stress and anxiety

5

Coffey et al. (2020); Dost et al. (2020); Jaap et al. (2021); Rajab et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021) [20, 29, 40, 42, 55]

Technophobia

3

Rajab et al. (2020); Shahrvini et al. (2021); Tuma et al. (2021) [55, 57, 60]

Family distraction

3

Dost et al. (2020); Sindiani et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021) [20, 42, 58]

Financial problems

3

Amir et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021); Tigaa & Sonawane (2020) [20, 36, 59]

Time management

3

Amir et al. (2020); Coffey et al. (2020); Langegård et al. (2021) [22, 36, 40]

Lack motivation

2

Langegård et al. (2021); Wang et al. (2021) [22, 61]

Behavioral challenges

2

Khalil et al. (2020); Suliman et al. (2021) [19, 20]

Lack space at home

2

Dost et al. (2020); Jaap et al. (2021) [29, 42]

Hard to focus (longer period)

2

Alqurshi (2020); Amir et al. (2020) [34, 36]

More time required to prepare

2

Elsalem et al. (2021); Suliman et al., (2021) [20, 43]

Low teaching quality

1

Al- Balas et al. (2020) [33]

Different time zone

1

Co et al. (2021) [26]

Lack of networking

1

Muflih et al. (2021) [53]