Table 3 Advantages and challenges of simulation in clinical research education

•More practice and engagement

•More interactivity

•Teamwork training

•Case-based coherence

•Stronger sense of substitution, strengthens professionalism

•Student-centered active learning

•Comprehensive ability exercise

•Allow students to make mistakes

•Significant effort expenditure by students and teachers

•Insufficient faculty specializing in both clinical research and simulation teaching

•Dependency on well-designed cases/scrips

•Requirements for certain environment and equipment

•Not applicable for a large class