Table 2 Differences in self-regulated learning and its subscales by personal characteristics and environmental factors

Gender

Male

3.50 ± 0.73

0.420

3.53 ± 0.67

0.711

3.52 ± 0.67

0.805

Female

3.57 ± 0.54

3.50 ± 0.53

3.54 ± 0.52

Area of residence

Municipalities/Provincial capitals

3.54 ± 0.63

0.514

3.53 ± 0.58

0.532

3.53 ± 0.58

0.490

Prefecture-level city

3.63 ± 0.67

3.59 ± 0.63

3.61 ± 0.63

County-level cities

3.44 ± 0.73

3.42 ± 0.64

3.43 ± 0.66

Town/Rural areas

3.52 ± 0.50

3.52 ± 0.53

3.52 ± 0.49

Parents’ highest education level

Elementary School

3.45 ± 1.02

0.863

3.37 ± 0.8

0.721

3.41 ± 0.9

0.810

Junior High School

3.54 ± 0.65

3.52 ± 0.62

3.53 ± 0.61

Senior High School

3.45 ± 0.37

3.44 ± 0.40

3.45 ± 0.37

Technical Secondary School/Junior College

3.53 ± 0.74

3.61 ± 0.69

3.57 ± 0.69

Undergraduate

3.54 ± 0.60

3.48 ± 0.6

3.51 ± 0.56

Master

3.75 ± 0.35

3.67 ± 0.31

3.71 ± 0.33

Doctor

3.84 ± 0.29

3.79 ± 0.24

3.81 ± 0.24

Parents’ expectations of your education

Undergraduate

3.46 ± 1.01

0.769

3.46 ± 0.8

0.420

3.46 ± 0.89

0.586

Master

3.50 ± 0.50

3.45 ± 0.49

3.48 ± 0.48

Doctor

3.56 ± 0.67

3.57 ± 0.63

3.56 ± 0.62

Average annual household income (CNY)

50,000 and bellow

3.44 ± 0.76

0.629

3.44 ± 0.68

0.461

3.44 ± 0.7

0.529

50,000–100,000

3.52 ± 0.63

3.47 ± 0.55

3.49 ± 0.57

100,000–200,000

3.62 ± 0.56

3.59 ± 0.63

3.61 ± 0.56

200,000–400,000

3.62 ± 0.50

3.68 ± 0.53

3.65 ± 0.48

400,000 and above

3.50 ± 0.77

3.50 ± 0.48

3.5 ± 0.61

Whether to have a professional idol

Yes

3.63 ± 0.66

0.063

3.63 ± 0.59

0.019

3.63 ± 0.61

0.029

No

3.45 ± 0.61

3.42 ± 0.59

3.44 ± 0.58

Whether to have a clear career planning

Yes

3.67 ± 0.71

0.005

3.68 ± 0.66

0.001

3.68 ± 0.66

0.001

No

3.42 ± 0.56

3.38 ± 0.50

3.4 ± 0.51

Whether to have full-time teaching clinical teachers in the current clerkship department

Yes

3.67 ± 0.60

0.018

3.61 ± 0.61

0.072

3.64 ± 0.58

0.029

No

3.45 ± 0.65

3.45 ± 0.59

3.45 ± 0.6

Whether to seek the help of the surrounding classmates

Yes

3.62 ± 0.57

< 0.001

3.61 ± 0.56

< 0.001

3.61 ± 0.54

< 0.001

No

2.99 ± 0.83

2.91 ± 0.50

2.95 ± 0.64

Whether to seek the guidance of teachers or senior students

Yes

3.61 ± 0.58

< 0.001

3.58 ± 0.58

< 0.001

3.59 ± 0.55

< 0.001

No

2.92 ± 0.82

2.97 ± 0.55

2.94 ± 0.67

Whether to experience medical dispute during clinical clerkship

Yes

3.56 ± 0.65

0.514

3.54 ± 0.59

0.534

3.55 ± 0.60

0.507

No

3.5 ± 0.63

3.49 ± 0.62

3.49 ± 0.60