Table 1 Summary of educational and training needs identified with the narrative literature review

Patients and caregivers’

Learn how to navigate the PD journey

Jordan et al., 2020 [14]

Being able to get personalized information

Fox et al., 2017 [15]

Being able to choose the suitable palliative care setting

Sandsdalen et al., 2016 [16]

Learn how to make decisions related to the place of death

Moens et al., 2015 [17]

Patients

Become knowledgeable of Advanced Care Planning (ACP)

Connor et al., 2015 [18]

Comprehend what to expect and what PD management includes in the advanced stages

van der Eijk et al., 2012 [19]

Caregivers

Be trained to provide adequate care

McLaughlin et al., 2011 [20]

Be informed about the availability and access to support groups and services

Olsson et al., 2016 [21]

Learn how to cope with caregiver burden

Schrag et al., 2006 [22]

Be taught how to handle the psychological impact

Hasson et al., 2010 [23]

Be trained to manage emergencies

Goy et al., 2008 [24]

Be informed in order to become a proxy for medical decisions

Sokol et al., 2019 [25]

Get to understand the emotional, spiritual and bereavement domains

Aoun et al., 2010 [26]

Comprehend death and be able to deal with it

Fox et al., 2017 [15]

Be taught how to cope with pre-death grief

Carter et al., 2012 [27]

Healthcare providers

Be capable to efficiently communicate with patients and caregivers

Tuck et al., 2015, Walter et al., 2019 [28, 29]

Be competent at information sharing

Miyasaki et al., 2016 [30]

Be adept to provide primary palliative care

Lum et al., 2020, Robinson et al., 2017 [31, 32]

Become highly skilled in pharmacotherapy

Katz et al., 2018 [33]

Be able to guide shared decision-making around advance directives

Robinson et al., 2018 [34]

Be knowledgeable of outpatient care models

Tarolli et al., 2019 [35]

Comprehend the ethical challenges of ACP

Sokol et al., 2019 [25]