Table 3 Absolute frequencies of codes for each theme (Flexible e-learning video classroom group)

Analyze

Effective learning

Efficient acquisition of fundus examination skill

6

“I don't even know what I'm not doing when I don't know anything. I realized that because I prepped.”

Effectiveness of preparation

4

Establishing by repetition

1

Linking knowledge and practice

1

Analysing procedure

Analysis of fundus examination performance

3

Psychological safety

Feeling safe for practicing

2

Anxiety about preparation

3

Apply

Learning motivation

Motivation for performing real patient

3

“I was even able to produce a field of view, which I would like to do if I have the opportunity in the future.”

Motivation from successful experiences

1

Using abstractions

Application of knowledge obtained in preparation

1

Practice using the key points of fundus examination

1

Concrete experience

Imaging of diagnostic procedures

1

Problem solving

Trouble shooting of equipment

1

Understand

Understanding procedure

Observation method of fundus

9

“I was able to understand basic things such as looking from 15 degrees outward from the video without the teacher’s advice.”

Usage instructions of fundoscope

1

Efficient understanding

Efficient understanding of fundus examination

2

Remember

Memory retention

Improve memory retention through preparation

6

“I felt that the connection with the actual experience really helped me to retain the memory.”

Acquisition of knowledge

Acquisition of necessary knowledge for fundus examination

4