Skip to main content

Table 2 Standard random effects estimates

From: Pre-graduation grade inflation in medical training in Turkey: a longitudinal study from 2005 to 2020

Variable name

Random Effects

Students’ characteristics

 ln (% Female)

0.09 (0.079)*

 ln (percentile of the last student admitted)

−0.25 (0.041)*

University characteristics

 Non-profit private universities

0.57 (0.189)*

 Accredited university

−0.27 (0.125)*

 English medium instruction programs

0.11 (0.098)*

 Medical School Age

−0.17 (0.081)*

σi

0.071

σe

0.063

rhoi

0.619

Within-R2

0.432

Observations

9.618

Number of universities

25

  1. *p < 0.001
  2. Robust standard errors corrected for clustering by university are reported in parentheses. σi and σe are the estimated standard deviations for the fixed effects and the error term, respectively, ρi is the fraction of the variation in the dependent variable accounted for by the fixed effects and ρ is the correlation between the fixed effects and the included variables
Back to article page

BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

Contact us