Improvement of the management of mental well-being and empathy in Chinese medical students: a randomized controlled study

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of 146 senior medical students between intervention and control group

Variables	Total	Control group (n = 72)	Intervention group (n = 74)	Statistics	P value^a
Age, year (range)	21.0 (20.0, 21.0)	20.5 (20.0, 21.0)	21.0 (20.0, 21.0)	3250	0.42
Gender				0.025	0.87
Males	76 (52.1 %)	37 (51.4 %)	39(52.7 %)
Females	70 (47.9 %)	35 (48.6 %)	35(47.3 %)
Grade					0.618
3rd	74 (51.4 %)	38 (52.8 %)	36 (48.6 %)
4th	72 (48.6 %)	34 (47.2 %)	38 (51.4 %)
SE, mean (SD)	26.0 (5.0)	26.1(4.4)	25.8(5.6)	0.360	0.76
QOL, median (IQR)	31.0 (29.0, 34.0)	31.0 (28.5, 34.0)	31.0 (29.0, 34.0)	2679	0.62
Depression (PHQ-9), mean (SD)	6.3 (3.4)	5.9 (3.0)	6.6 (3.7)	1.276	0.20
Depression (PHQ-9), N (%)				1.876	0.17
No	117 (80.1 %)	61(84.7 %)	56 (75.7 %)
Yes	29 (19.9 %)	11(15.3 %)	18 (24.3 %)
Burnout (MBI), mean (SD)	46.3 (14.7)	46.8 (14.6)	46 (15.0)	-0.336	0.74
Burnout (MBI), N (%)				0.053	0.82
No	96 (65.8 %)	48 (66.7 %)	48 (64.9 %)
Yes	50 (34.2 %)	24 (33.3 %)	26 (35.1 %)
Empathy (JSE-HPS), median (IQR)	110 (102, 118)	110.5 (101.5, 119)	110 (103, 116)	2514	0.98

Notes: Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR), and N (min, max). If the variable follows a normal distribution, it is described with the mean (SD) and if it does not follow a normal distribution, the median (IQR) is used. Categorical variables are presented as n (%) according to different levels
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, IQR inter-quartile range, SE self-efficacy, QOL quality of life, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory, PHQ-9 the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, JSE-HPS the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health care Provider Student version
^at-test results for continuous variables with normal distribution, Wilcoxon test results for continuous variables with abnormal distribution, and Chi-square test results for categorical variables

ISSN: 1472-6920