Table 1 Proposed topics and contents for the integrated diabetes-periodontitis nutrition and health education module
No. | Topics | Contents |
|---|---|---|
1. | Introduction to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) | ● Definition of diabetes ● Causes of diabetes ● Sign and symptoms of diabetes ● Risk factors of diabetes ● Complications of diabetes ● Risk of pre-diabetes |
2. | Introduction to Periodontitis | ● Definition of periodontitis ● Causes of periodontitis ● Signs and symptoms of periodontitis ● Risk factors of periodontitis ● Complications of periodontitis |
3. | Diabetes and Periodontitis | ● Bi-directional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis ● Hyperglycaemia and oral health ● Diabetes, periodontitis and mouth breath |
4. | Treatment | ● Treatment for diabetes ● Treatment for dental disease |
5. | Blood Sugar Monitoring | ● Target of blood sugar profile ● Importance of good glycaemic control |
6. | Weight Management | ● Principles of weight management ● Target for weight reduction ● Readiness to change |
7. | Dietary Management | ● Healthy eating ● Carbohydrates and carbohydrate exchanges ● Added sugar ● Dietary fibre ● Antioxidants ● Menu planning ● Food label ● Tips for healthy cooking ● Tips for eating outside |
8. | Physical Activity & Exercise | ● Benefits of exercise ● Types of exercise ● Duration of exercise ● How to achieve 10,000 steps ● Simple tips to be physically active ● Precautions to hypoglycaemia during exercise |
9. | Ways to Keep Oral Health | ● Tips to keep oral health ● Tooth brushing twice daily ● Daily flossing or interdental cleaning ● Healthy and balanced diet ● Regular dental check-ups ● Avoid smoking |
10. | Smoking Cessation | ● Smoking and periodontitis ● Tips for smoking cessation |
11. | Alcohol Intake | ● Alcohol intake & diabetes ● Tips for reducing alcohol intake |
12. | Stress Management | ● Tips for stress management ● Family support |
13. | Fasting (religious and intermittent fasting) | ● Tips for fasting for diabetic patients ● Conditions to break fast ● Dental care during fasting |
14. | Hypoglycaemia | ● Possible causes of hypoglycaemia ● Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia ● Hypoglycaemia management |
15. | Hyperglycaemia | ● Possible causes of hyperglycaemia ● Signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemia ● Hyperglycaemia management |