Table 1 Evaluation of the simulator at baseline (T1) for total PS, PS by tasks and GRS

PS Training

  5.62 (5.3-6.9)

  1.96 (1.6-2.3)

  0.86 (0.6-1.7)^*

0.006^*

PS TORP

14.1 (13.5-19.6)

  7.0 (6.0-8.8)

  5.6 (3.1-9.0)

0.020

PS TORP

14.1 (13.5-19.6)

  7.0 (6.0-8.8)

  5.6 (3.1-9.0)

0.020

PS Piston

13.6 (11.7-18.6)

  5.1 (4.7-7.2)

  1.9 (1.3-6.8)

0.011

PS Endos

18.0 (15.1-18.6)

  5.2 (3.9-5.4)

  3.8 (3.1-6.8)

0.027

Total PS

25.8 (25.1-28.0)

21.3 (19.5-21.8)

16.8 (16.2-19.2)^*

0.002^*

GRS Score

30.0 (30.0-30.0)

23.0 (17.5-23.5)

13.0 (8.0-17.0)^*

0.003^*