Empathy and attitude toward communication skill learning as a predictor of patient-centered attitude: a cross-sectional study of dental students in Korea

Table 4 Multivariate hierarchical linear regression analysis of factors on patient-centered attitudes from among demographic and academic factors, empathy, and communication skills learning attitude

Variable		PPOS^a (Total)			PPOS (Sharing)			PPOS (Caring)
Variable		B	Beta	p	B	Beta	p	B	Beta	p
Step1	Gender (Male:1, Female:2)	0.1	0.11	0.04	0.15	0.14	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.34
	Academic track (DC^b:1, Professional:2)	−0.02	− 0.02	0.73	−0.06	−0.06	0.35	0.03	0.02	0.68
	Academic Period	−0.03	−0.13	0.03	−0.06	−0.21	< 0.001	0	−0.01	0.91
	Adjusted R-squared	0.05			0.06			0.03
Step2	IRI^c (Fantasy)	0.08	0.11	0.08	0.03	0.03	0.61	0.13	0.16	0.01
	IRI (Empathic Concern)	0.19	0.22	< 0.001	0.16	0.15	0.02	0.22	0.22	< 0.001
	IRI (Perspective Taking)	0.08	0.09	0.14	0.09	0.09	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.23
	IRI (Personal Distress)	−0.07	−0.09	0.14	− 0.03	− 0.03	0.6	−0.12	− 0.12	0.04
	Adjusted R-squared	0.18			0.1			0.19
Step3	^dCSAS_PAS	0.01	0.13	0.04	0	0.03	0.69	0.02	0.19	< 0.001
	^eCSAS_NAS	−0.03	−0.34	< 0.001	−0.03	−0.31	< 0.001	−0.03	−0.28	< 0.001
	Adjusted R-squared	0.31			0.18			0.31

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