Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of residents identifying barriers to cross-cultural care, n (%)
| Â | Identified barriers to cross-cultural care in clinical practice | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Lack of experience | Lack of time | Inadequate training | Poor access to interpreters | Lack of non-English materials | Lack of mentors | Dismissive attending attitudes | Dismissive resident attitudes |
All (n = 155) | 51 (32.9) | 116 (74.8) | 65 (41.9) | 68 (43.9) | 107 (69.0) | 62 (40.0) | 49 (31.6) | 51 (32.9) |
High Interest in Primary Care (n = 17) | 6 (35.3) | 14 (82.4) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (35.3) | 12 (70.6) | 8 (47.1) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (35.3) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
 White, non-Hispanic (n = 57) | 15 (26.3) | 45 (78.9) | 20 (35.1) | 20 (35.1) | 39 (68.4) | 18 (31.6) | 14 (24.6) | 15 (26.3) |
 Black, non-Hispanic (n = 10) | 4 (40.0) | 7 (70) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 7 (70.0) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (60.0) | 6 (60.0) |
 Hispanic (n = 12) | 6 (50.0) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | 10 (83.3) | 5 (41.7) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) |
 Asian, non-Hispanic (n = 58) | 19 (32.8) | 44 (75.9) | 29 (50.0) | 28 (48.3) | 37 (63.8) | 25 (43.1) | 18 (31.0) | 18 (31.0) |
 Other (n = 18) | 7 (38.9) | 13 (72.2) | 7 (38.9) | 9 (50.0) | 14 (77.8) | 7 (38.9) | 5 (27.8) | 6 (33.3) |
Male (n = 69) | 19 (27.5) | 66 (77.6) | 29 (42.0) | 37 (43.5) | 43 (62.3) | 23 (33.3) | 28 (32.9) | 24 (34.8) |
Specialty | ||||||||
 Family Medicine (n = 9) | 3 (33.3) | 7 (77.8) | 4 (44.4) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (55.6) |
 Internal Medicine (n = 84) | 27 (32.1) | 61 (72.6) | 40 (47.6) | 40 (47.6) | 56 (66.7) | 35 (41.7) | 26 (31.0) | 29 (34.5) |
 Pediatrics (n = 62) | 21 (33.9) | 48 (77.4) | 21 (33.9) | 24 (38.7) | 46 (74.2) | 23 (37.1) | 18 (29.0) | 17 (27.4) |
Postgraduate year (PGY) | ||||||||
 PGY1 (n = 60) | 30 (50.0)* | 48 (80) | 31 (51.7) | 31 (51.7) | 42 (70.0) | 25 (41.7) | 23 (38.3) | 24 (40.0) |
 PGY2 (n = 44) | 8 (18.2)* | 30 (68.2) | 15 (34.1) | 15 (34.1) | 30 (68.2) | 18 (40.9) | 10 (22.7) | 9 (20.5) |
 PGY3+ (n = 51) | 13 (25.5)* | 38 (74.5) | 19 (37.3) | 22 (43.1) | 35 (68.6) | 19 (37.3) | 16 (31.4) | 18 (35.3) |
Cultural Background | ||||||||
 From a disadvantaged background | ||||||||
  Yes (n = 43) | 18 (41.9) | 32 (74.4) | 24 (55.8)* | 24 (55.8) | 29 (67.4) | 24 (55.8)* | 20 (46.5)* | 19 (44.2) |
  No (n = 112) | 33 (29.5) | 84 (75.0) | 41 (36.6)* | 44 (39.3) | 78 (69.6) | 38 (33.9)* | 29 (25.9)* | 32 (28.6) |
 Multilingual | ||||||||
  Yes (n = 91) | 33 (36.3) | 67 (73.6) | 46 (50.5)* | 44 (48.4) | 66 (72.5) | 43 (47.3)* | 37 (40.7)* | 36 (39.6)* |
  No (n = 64) | 18 (28.1) | 49 (76.6) | 19 (29.7)* | 24 (37.5) | 41 (64.1) | 19 (29.7)* | 12 (18.8)* | 15 (23.4)* |
 Parents born outside of the U.S. | ||||||||
  Yes (n = 102) | 38 (37.3) | 76 (74.5) | 47 (46.1) | 49 (48.0) | 71 (69.6) | 46 (45.1)* | 38 (37.3)* | 40 (39.2)* |
  No (n = 53) | 13 (24.5) | 40 (75.5) | 18 (34.0) | 19 (35.8) | 36 (67.9) | 16 (30.2)* | 11 (20.8)* | 11 (20.8)* |
 International medical graduate | ||||||||
  Yes (n = 10) | 2 (20.0) | 5 (50.0)* | 3 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) | 5 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) |
  No (n = 145) | 49 (33.8) | 111 (76.6)* | 62 (42.3) | 65 (44.8) | 102 (70.3) | 59 (40.7) | 46 (31.7) | 48 (33.1) |