Table 1 Learning objectives for advanced abdominal ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography examination
Standard view | Anatomical structures | Physiological measurements |
|---|---|---|
Transthoracic echocardiography | ||
Parasternal long axis view | Identify left atrium and ventricle, left ventricle outflow tract, aortic valve and mitral valve | Measure thickness of ventricle and septum in motion mode |
Parasternal short axis view | Show papillary muscle plane, mitral and aortic valve planes | No measurement required |
Apical four-chamber view | Identify all chambers and both atrioventricular valves | Measure flow velocity over mitral valve in pulsed wave doppler mode |
Abdominal ultrasound | ||
Liver | Identify liver, portal vein, inferior caval vein, common bile duct | Measure flow velocity in the portal and hepatic vein in pulsed wave doppler mode |
Kidney | Identify kidney longitudinal and sagittal | Measure flow velocity in an artery in the parenchyma for calculation of resistance index |
Spleen | Identify spleen and hilum | Measure organ size |
Bladder | Identify bladder, suprapubic region, uterus/prostate | Measure hilum |