Table 1 PICOS, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria applied to database search

Population

• Undergraduate medical students from preclinical and clinical years

• Nurses, and members of allied health including occupational therapist, physiotherapist and pharmacist, social workers

• Complementary medicine, non-medical specialties (e.g. Veterinary and Dentistry) and physicians outside of the Internal Medicine scope.

Intervention

• Pedagogy strategies in educating medical students about communication within the healthcare team through face-to-face or real-time virtual communication approaches

• Pedagogy strategies in educating other healthcare providers towards communicating with physicians

Comparison

• Comparison of pedagogy strategies, evaluation methods, outcomes and challenges in nurturing interprofessional communication

Outcome

• Interprofessional communication strategies, evaluation methods on the effectiveness of educational practices

• Outcomes and challenges in nurturing interprofessional communication

Study design

• Articles in English or translated to English

• All study designs including:

° Mixed methods research, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and descriptive papers

° Case reports and series, ideas, editorials, and perspectives

• Year of Publication: 1 January 2000–31 December 2018

• Databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, JSTOR, and Google Scholar

• Electronic and print information not controlled by commercial publishing