From: How novice and expert anaesthetists understand expertise in anaesthesia: a qualitative study
Theme | Category | Description | Mentioned by novices | Mentioned by experts |
---|---|---|---|---|
Being a novice | Learning the basics | Account of learning experiences during the first months | x | x |
Complexity | Descriptions of clinical situations in combination with feelings of being overwhelmed, difficulty understanding the situation | x | ||
Mentoring | Mentors and clinical teachers, social support | x | x | |
Quasi-normative rules | Following the consultant’s rules, anticipating what the superior’s rule might be | x | ||
Patient safety | Reference to patient safety | x | x | |
Making progress | Descriptions of personal progress over time | x | ||
Carrying responsibility | Being responsible for a patient; the weight of responsibility | x | ||
Learning | Learning strategies, learning from experience | x | x | |
Negative aspects | Account of difficult circumstances, difficult situations during the time as novice | x | x | |
Being an expert | Goals | Into which kind of clinician does the novice want to evolve | x | x |
Passive process | Reference to passive aspects of becoming an expert | x | ||
Active process | Reference to active aspects of becoming an expert | x | x | |
Social support | Reference to peers supporting the novices’ development | x | x | |
Challenges | Challenges and difficulties on the way to becoming an expert | x | x | |
Knowledge and experience | Textbook knowledge | References to explicit, textbook knowledge | x | x |
Experiential knowledge | References to implicit, experiential knowledge | x | x | |
Knowledge and experience | Relationship between textbook knowledge and experience | X | X | |
Standards and guidelines | References to standards and guidelines, assessment of the role standards and guidelines play | x | x | |
Violating standards | Not following rules in order to create patient safety | x | x | |
Being lucky | Reference to luck as a third pillar besides knowledge and experience | x | ||
Decision making | Descriptions of how an expert makes decisions | x | x | |
Defining the expert | Difficulty with | Difficulty or inability to define “expert in anaesthesia” | x | |
Board certification | Reference to the board certification and its relationship to expertise | x | x | |
Dexterity | Manual dexterity | x | x | |
Crisis management skills | Crisis management as core competence of the anaesthetist | x | x | |
Risk assessment | Reference to assessing risk in patients | x | ||
Intuition | Mention of ‘intuition’, ‘7th sense’, ‘gut feeling’ | x | ||
Limitations of expertise | Negative aspects of expertise | x | ||
Teamwork | Reference to the social/teamwork component of expertise | x | ||
Nature or nurture | Interaction of personal characteristics and contextual factors in the formation of an expert | x | x |