Table 3 Means for the 50 items of the DREEM as a function of academic year and sex

I am encouraged to participate in class

2.59 (1.187)

2.58 (.835)

2.70 (1.113)

2.58 (0.895)

2.47 (0.954)

The teaching concerned to develop my confidence

2.63 (1.116)

2.61 (.932)

2.88 (0.973)

2.62 (1.004)

2.34 (0.997)

The teaching encourages me to be active learner

2.60 (1.110)

2.75 (.886)

2.95 (1.012)

2.70 (0.928)

2.41 (0.950)

The teaching is well focused

2.62 (1.098)

2.98 (.893)

3.14 (0.942)

2.71 (1.034)

2.59 (0.950)

The teaching concerned to develop my competence

2.58 (1.092)

2.74 (.941)

2.95 (0.916)

2.59 (1.007)

2.46 (1.049)

I am clear about the course learning objectives

2.58 (1.122)

2.78 (1.077)

3.03 (1.051)

2.74 (0.917)

2.30 (1.179)

The teaching is often stimulating

2.47 (1.032)

2.62 (.811)

2.74 (0.979)

2.67 (0.829)

2.26 (0.845)

The teaching time is put to good use

2.25 (1.210)

2.58 (1.049)

2.81 (1.014)

2.36 (1.185)

2.14 (1.102)

The teaching is student-centered

2.46 (1.042)

2.58 (.854)

2.86 (0.884)

2.42 (0.993)

2.27 (0.849)

Long-term learning is emphasized over the short term

2.8 (0.92)

2.55 (1.17)

2.15 (1.18)

3.1 (0.89)

3.1 (1.21)

The teaching is too teacher-centered^a

1.9 (0.88)

1.55 (1.1)

1.38 (0.96)

1.4 (1.001)

2.03 (1.18)

The teaching overemphasizes factual learning^a

2.21 (0.79)

2.68 (0.87)

2.7 (0.82)

2.55 (0.93)

2.8 (0.87)

Total

29.69

31.1

32.29

30.44

29.17

The teacher providing feedback to student

2.47 (1.133)

2.62 (.965)

3.03 (1.000)

2.29 (1.049)

2.30 (0.903)

The teachers have good communications skills with patients

2.5 (0.97)

2.62 (0.85)

2.5 (0.79)

2.6 (0.84)

2.7 (0.97)

The teachers give clear examples

2.65 (.966)

2.93 (.938)

3.14 (0.854)

2.73 (0.851)

2.53 (1.050)

The teachers prepared for their classes

2.89 (1.114)

3.09 (1.008)

3.47 (0.788)

2.91 (1.077)

2.61 (1.108)

The teachers provide constructive criticism

2.41 (.985)

2.74 (.817)

2.73 (0.883)

2.67 (0.883)

2.39 (0.919)

The students irritate the teachers^a

1.73 (1.017)

2.02 (1.085)

1.88 (1.051)

1.89 (1.191)

1.91 (0.968)

The teachers ridicule the students a

1.8 (1.03)

2.05 (1.09)

2.23 (1.135)

1.7 (1.06)

2.07 (0.998)

The teachers get angry in class a

1.4 (0.84)

1.78 (0.94)

1.74 (1.04)

1.6 (0.814)

1.86 (0.915)

The teachers are authoritarian a

2.1 (1.01)

2.08 (0.97)

2.13 (0.913)

1.9 (1.03)

2.21 (0.99)

The professors considered my role-models

2.53 (1.253)

2.78 (1.267)

3.12 (1.100)

2.59 (1.228)

2.28 (1.330)

Total

22.48

24.71

25.97

22.88

22.86

Memorize all I need

2.48 (1.000)

2.32 (1.082)

2.66 (0.954)

2.15 (1.056)

2.31 (1.084)

Much of what I must learn seems relevant to a career in dentistry

2.41 (1.081)

2.94 (.910)

3.04 (0.979)

2.67 (0.950)

2.43 (1.035)

I feel I am being well prepared for my profession

2.50 (1.153)

2.90 (.962)

3.16 (0.947)

2.68 (1.055)

2.34 (1.037)

Last year’s work has been good preparation for this year’s work

2.29 (1.245)

2.67 (1.076)

2.88 (1.026)

2.42 (1.266)

2.20 (1.110)

My problem-solving skills are being developed

2.67 (1.214)

2.95 (.958)

3.17 (0.938)

2.65 (1.183)

2.65 (1.052)

I am confident about passing this year

2.95 (1.142)

3.17 (1.098)

3.47 (0.912)

3.08 (1.057)

2.66 (1.231)

I have learned a lot about empathy in my profession

2.73 (1.234)

3.02 (1.096)

2.99 (1.094)

3.06 (1.080)

2.65 (1.276)

Learning strategies which worked for me before continuing to work for me now

2.7 (0.675)

2.52 (0.97)

2.4 (1.14)

2.19 (1.3)

2.8 (0.77)

Total

20.82

22.49

23.77

20.9

20.04

Atmosphere during lecture

2.47 (1.074)

2.62 (1.162)

3.18 (0.899)

2.24 (1.096)

2.18 (1.090)

Able to ask what I want

2.70 (1.146)

2.92 (1.052)

3.16 (1.089)

2.71 (0.924)

2.58 (1.170)

Socially comfortable in class

2.83 (1.135)

2.99 (1.028)

3.29 (0.958)

2.91 (1.003)

2.55 (1.136)

A chance to develop skills

2.73 (1.080)

2.76 (1.095)

3.08 (1.133)

2.67 (0.950)

2.47 (1.076)

Atmosphere during tutorials

2.61 (1.079)

2.51 (1.075)

2.90 (0.995)

2.47 (0.980)

2.27 (1.150)

The enjoyment outweighs the Stress of studying dentistry

2.27 (1.351)

2.31 (1.174)

2.81 (1.124)

2.14 (1.239)

1.91 (1.218)

Atmosphere motivate me as a learner

2.33 (1.101)

2.54 (1.154)

2.99 (1.032)

2.32 (0.947)

2.01 (1.176)

I can concentrate well

2.50 (1.074)

2.62 (.990)

2.99 (0.866)

2.33 (1.086)

2.34 (0.997)

Atmosphere during ward

2.60 (.984)

2.61 (.975)

2.88 (0.873)

2.47 (0.996)

2.43 (1.008)

This school is well timetabled

2.42 (1.277)

2.62 (1.037)

2.81 (1.064)

2.45 (1.205)

2.34 (1.138)

Experience disappointing

2.09 (1.315)

2.44 (1.153)

2.78 (1.382)

2.08 (1.114)

1.97 (1.006)

Cheating is a problem in this school^a

1.39 (1.490)

1.86 (1.376)

1.44 (1.381)

1.89 (1.50)

1.69 (1.433)

Total

28.94

30.8

34.31

28.68

26.74

I have good friends in this school

3.11 (1.320)

3.30 (1.010)

3.47 (0.887)

3.41 (1.095)

2.80 (1.324)

Good support system who get stressed

1.98 (1.367)

2.18 (1.240)

2.64 (1.157)

1.79 (1.283)

1.81 (1.279)

Too tired to enjoy the course^a

1.48 (1.2)

1.63 (1.051)

1.9 (1.095)

1.29 (1.092)

1.47 (1.088)

Rarely bored on course

2.04 (1.109)

1.92 (1.090)

2.09 (1.090)

2.02 (1.074)

1.81 (1.119)

My accommodation is pleasant

2.46 (1.073)

2.58 (.909)

2.81 (1.052)

2.47 (0.964)

2.28 (0.852)

My social life is good

2.39 (1.374)

2.75 (1.133)

2.81 (1.148)

2.61 (1.402)

2.38 (1.190)

I seldom feel lonely

2.34 (1.122)

2.30 (1.157)

2.44 (1.106)

2.41 (1.176)

2.09 (1.125)

I feel belonging to my school

2.53 (1.471)

3.10 (1.260)

3.49 (0.955)

2.52 (1.481)

2.49 (1.436)

Total

18.32

19.76

21.65

18.52

17.13

Mean total score

120.93

128.93

137.99

121.42

115.94