Table 2 Items of external perception (standardized patients)

a) The student does not respond to the obvious (verbal and nonverbal) cues and needs from me as a SP and/or responds inappropriately (empathy).

a) The student always responds to obvious (verbal and nonverbal) cues and needs from me as a SP and/or responds appropriately (empathy).

b) The conversation is not organized recognizably; the student acts incoherently or I as SP have to set the course of the conversation (structure).

b) The conversation is excellently organized. The student’s approach shows that the (s)he is able to direct the conversation (structure).

c) The student communicates inappropriately with me as a SP (e.g., choice of words, volume) and/or communicates in a way that makes it impossible to understand him/her (verbal expression).

c) The student communicates appropriately with me as a SP (e.g., choice of words, volume) and/or communicates in a way that makes it easy for me to understand him/her (verbal expression).

d) The student does not manage to involve me as SP with his/her non-verbal expression and frustrates me and/or antagonizes me (non-verbal expression).

d) The student successfully involves me as a SP in the communication with his/her non-verbal expression and/or motivates me to participate (non-verbal expression).