| Small group learning | work in small group [28] |
| group members comprehend the problems and communicate it in the group [35] |
| leaders with group-leadership skills [33] |
| students placed in small groups to solve problems [37] |
| provide students with an opportunity to develop group-based working skills [38] |
| Problem-solving | encounter the problem-solving situation [28] |
| think logically in a organized manner [36] |
| use of evidence based strategies [34] |
| problems being identified by participants or consulting clinician [33] |
| Active learning | they need to identify the problems and try to understand it [28] |
| they need to identify learning needs [33] |
| Investigated a specific clinical problem or task [33] |
| inspire and motivate to seek the answer [30] |
| Self-study [29] |
| Problems in context | adopt clinical case scenarios [34] |
| apply practice into theories [34] |
| use case scenarios [39] |
| topics relevant to real context [33] |
| Community-focused simulation exercises [40] |
| Learning in context [30] |
| Tutoring | Tutoring-oriented strategies [34] |
| intensive tutoring strategies [34] |
| use small group tutorials [34] |
| use a tutor to facilitate and guide [31, 38] |
| complex problem solving tutorial [38] |
| Group facilitation [32] |
| Reflection | Use reflective writing [34] |
| reflective on practice problem [33] |
| Technology | use digital media [39] |
| use educational technologies [41] |
