Image quality to estimate ventricular ejection fraction by last year medical students improves after short courses of training

Table 1 Documentation parameters by students and tutor

Parameter	Item
Examination Quality
Global Echocardiography Image Quality	Good, Medium, Bad
Complete Representation of Left Ventricle	Yes, No
Representation of the Cardiac Apex in the Top of the Ultrasound Sector	Yes, No
Segmental Analysis of Left Ventricular Walls ^a
Apical Septum	Normokinesia, Hypokinesia, Akinesia, Dyskinesia
Mid Inferoseptum
Basal Inferoseptum
Apical Lateral
Mid Anterolateral
Basal Anterolateral
Ejection Fraction of Left Ventricle
Eye-Balling ^a	Normal, Mildly Abnormal, Moderately Abnormal, Severely Abnormal
Volumetry of Left Ventricle
Length (end-diastolic)	[cm]
Area (end-diastolic)	[cm²]
Volume (end-diastolic) ^b	[ml]
Length (end-systolic)	[cm]
Area (end-systolic)	[cm²]
Volume (end-systolic) ^b	[ml]
Ejection Fraction of Left Ventricle
Calculated ^c	[%]

Documented parameters by the student and tutor with corresponding items for ordinal and dichotomous scaled variables (examination quality, segmental analysis of left ventricular walls, eye-balling method for determination of ejection fraction). ^a According to the recommendations for chamber quantification from the American Society of Echocardiography [20]. Length and area of left ventricle were measured. ^b Volume was calculated using the formula [volume = 0.85 x Area² / Diameter]. ^c Ejection fraction was calculated using the formula [[end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume] / end-diastolic volume]

ISSN: 1472-6920