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Table 2 Examples of Leadership Challenges by Quadrant of Wilber’s Model

From: Building health system capacity to improve maternal and newborn care: a pilot leadership program for frontline staff at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Internal Individual

Overcome fear of not being liked if exercising authority

How to set boundaries

How to inspire change

Overcoming fear of conflict

External Individual

How to present ideas more convincingly

How to run meetings more efficiently

Improving ability to have “tough” conversations

Internal Collective

The lack of a culture of willingness to do things timely or appropriately

Poor attitude of staff

Team building and mobilizing staff about problem solving

Establishing a strong system of accountability

External Collective

Improving emergency supply availability

How to get better compliance with new practices and protocols

Reduce separation time of mothers and babies after C-section

Accountability

Establish a strong system of accountability

Ensure people feel accountable instead of blaming others

Practice culture of accountability

Personal Skills

Time management

Improve stress management skills