Table 2 Clinical characteristics and perineal status of study population during the three study phases
Characteristics | Phase-1 (N = 376) | Phase-2 (N = 626) | Phase-3 (N = 692) | P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 25 ± 5.0 | 26 ± 5.6 | 27 ± 5.7 | < 0.001 |
Gestational age | 39.0 ± 1.6 | 39.0 ± 1.8 | 39 ± 1.8 | 0.597 |
BMI2 | ||||
< 18.5 | – | – | – | |
18.5–24.99 | 66 (17.6) | 116 (18.5) | 129 (18.6) | 0.887 |
25–29.99 | 198 (52.7) | 313 (50.0) | 346 (50.0) | |
≥ 30 | 105 (27.9) | 190 (30.4) | 210 (30.3) | |
Missing | 7 (1.9) | 7 (1.1) | 7 (1.0) | |
Primiparous women | 195 (51.9) | 279 (44.6) | 256 (37.0) | < 0.001 |
Parous women | 181 (48.1) | 347 (55.4) | 436 (63.0) | |
Method of vaginal birth | ||||
Spontaneous | 363 (96.5) | 587 (93.8) | 671 (97.0) | 0.011 |
Vacuum | 13 (3.5) | 39 (6.2) | 21 (3.0) | |
Fetal presentation | ||||
Cephalic | 373 (99.2) | 619 (98.9) | 685 (99.0) | 0.663 |
Breech | 2 (0.5) | 7 (1.1) | 6 (0.9) | |
Occiput posterior | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
Onset of labor | ||||
Spontaneous | 328 (87.2) | 513 (82.0) | 605 (87.4) | 0.010 |
Induced | 48 (12.8) | 113 (18.0) | 87 (12.6) | |
Second stage duration (minutes) | ||||
< 30 | 256 (68.1) | 332 (53.0) | 432 (62.4) | < 0.001 |
30–59 | 82 (21.8) | 150 (24.0) | 161 (23.3) | |
≥ 60 | 22 (5.9) | 81 (12.9) | 64 (9.2) | |
Missing | 16 (4.3) | 63 (10.1) | 35 (5.1) | |
Birthweight (grams) | ||||
< 3000 | 86 (22.9) | 170 (27.2) | 174 (25.1) | 0.848 |
3000–3499 | 172 (45.7) | 269 (43.0) | 309 (44.7) | |
3500–3999 | 93 (24.7) | 145 (23.2) | 167 (24.1) | |
≥ 4000 | 25 (6.6) | 42 (6.7) | 42 (6.1) | |
Intact Perineum | 152 (40.4) | 325 (52.0) | 426 (61.6) | < 0.001 |
Episiotomy | 134 (35.6) | 166 (26.5) | 124 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
First degree tear | 42 (11.2) | 85 (13.6) | 93 (13.4) | 0.492 |
Second degree tear | 54 (14.4) | 72 (11.5) | 98 (14.2) | 0.276 |
OASIS3 | 46 (12.2) | 42 (6.7) | 22 (3.2) | < 0.001 |