Pure PBL, Hybrid PBL and Lecturing: which one is more effective in developing cognitive skills of undergraduate students in pediatric nursing course?

Table 4 Means, SDs, and ANOVA for Overall, Higher-order, and Lower-order Performances, Mental Effort and Instructional Efficiency, on Delayed Posttest

Measures	Groups	n	Mean	SD	F	df	P
Overall Performance	PPBL	30	30.70	9.32
	HPBL	30	32.95	8.68	32.82	2.92	.001
	COTL	35	17.89	6.47
Higher-order Performance	PPBL	30	21.97	7.28
	HPBL	30	22.85	6.09	45.39	2.92	.001
	COTL	35	10.14	4.76
Lower-order Performance	PPBL	30	8.73	2.30
	HPBL	30	10.10	2.82	7.62	2.92	.001
	COTL	35	7.74	2.16
Mental Effort	PPBL	30	4.20	1.42
	HPBL	30	4.09	1.56	11.23	2.92	.001
	COTL	35	5.58	1.30
Instructional Efficiency	PPBL	30	.48	1.22
	HPBL	30	.68	1.26	20.94	2.92	.001
	COTL	35	−.99	.98

ISSN: 1472-6920