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Table 4 Comparison of the two groups regarding the mean scores of attitude and empathy in three time points

From: The effects of empathy skills training on nursing students’ empathy and attitudes toward elderly people

Variables

Group

Before the intervention

Immediately after the intervention

Two months later

F (p-value)

Effect size

Power

Mean (± SD)

Mean (± SD)

Mean (± SD)

Attitude

Intervention

110.8 (±10.9)

155.2 (±23.4)

158.6 (±23.2)

76.4 (< 0. 001)a

0.71

0.100

Control

110 (±12.3)

126.6 (±13)

128.4 (±13.3)

33.6 (< 0.001)a

0.53

0.100

P-value

0.78b

< 0.001 c

< 0.001 c

   

Power

0.50

0.100

0.100

Empathy

Intervention

77.8 (±10.7)

86 (±7.3)

85.2 (±8.9)

17.3 (< 0.001)a

0.36

0.99

Control

78.6 (±10.1)

76.7 (±11.9)

77.5 (±11.3)

1.1 (0.32)a

0.03

0.19

P-value

0.77b

< 0.001 c

0.004 b

   

Power

0.30

0.97

0.86

  1. aRepeated measures analysis of variance
  2. bIndependent t-test
  3. cMann-Whitney test
  4. The bold numbers are significant p-values