Measuring dexterity in the podiatrist population: a cross-sectional comparison of novice students and experienced podiatrists

Table 4 Comparison of Novice and Experienced groups for the Grip-Lift task variables

Test	Outcome	Novice (n = 54)	Experienced (n = 54)	P-value
Test	Outcome	Mean (SD) or Median (IQR)		P-value
Grip-Lift task	Preload duration (ms)
	Dominant	97.5 (166.25)	286.25 (375.63)	< 0.001**
	Non-dominant	108.75 (88.13)	138.75 (359.69)	0.030*
	Minimum Load (N)
	Dominant	−0.21 (0.17)	−0.19 (0.16)	0.252
	Non-dominant	−0.24 (0.20)	− 0.19 (0.16)	0.079
	Maximum grip force (N)
	Dominant	5.20 (2.97)	6.02 (3.30)	0.167
	Non-dominant	5.24 (3.54)	6.75 (4.14)	0.033*
	GF:LF
	Dominant	2.27 (1.65)	2.44 (1.34)	0.422
	Non-dominant	2.13 (1.27)	2.65 (1.72)	0.085
	Maximum correlation (ρ)
	Dominant	0.74 (0.14)	0.71 (0.15)	0.012*
	Non-dominant	0.77 (0.08)	0.72 (0.11)	0.029*†
	Timeshift (ms)
	Dominant	−8.75 (26.88)	−10.63 (40.94)	0.660
	Non-dominant	−5.00 (26.88)	−5.00 (36.88)	0.918
	Lift Duration (ms)
	Dominant	292.50 (247.50)	433.75 (827.19)	< 0.001**
	Non-dominant	247.50 (208.75)	295.63 (413.75)	0.049*
	Average Grip (N)
	Dominant	3.69 (2.61)	4.96 (2.83)	0.007*
	Non-dominant	3.82 (2.79)	4.94 (2.46)	0.012*
	SD Grip
	Dominant	0.24 (0.11)	0.15 (0.07)	< 0.001**
	Non-dominant	0.23 (0.09)	0.15 (0.07)	< 0.001**
	Hold Ratio
	Dominant	1.72 (1.28)	2.04 (1.05)	0.042*
	Non-dominant	1.61 (1.22)	1.99 (1.20)	0.038*

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001
† indicates one-way ANOVA, means and standard deviations
All other calculations utilised Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests, medians and interquartile ratios for non-normally distributed data

ISSN: 1472-6920