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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of all dependent and independent variables, the secondary tier of medical care (STM) as a unit of analysis

From: Influence of Japan’s 2004 postgraduate training on ophthalmologist location choice, supply and distribution

 

1998–2002

2006–2010

P c

Mean

SDa

95% CIsb

Mean

SDa

95% CIsb

Number of ophthalmologists

36.40

57.36

[32.91 to 39.90]

34.60

55.05

[31.25 to 37.95]

.47

Number of physicians other than ophthalmologists

749.60

1088.43

[683.31 to 815.89]

668.39

946.99

[610.72 to 726.07]

.07

Number of physicians other than ophthalmologists and residentsd

NA

NA

NA

707.69

1013.78

[645.94 to 769.43]

NA

Ophthalmologists densitye

0.078

0.043

[0.076 to 0.081]

0.075

0.044

[0.072 to 0.077]

.061

Density of physicians other than ophthalmologists f

1.77

0.81

[1.72 to 1.82]

1.62

0.76

[1.58 to 1.67]

< .001

Density of physicians other than ophthalmologists and residentsd,g

NA

NA

NA

1.69

0.74

[1.64 to 1.73]

NA

Total population(in thousands)

364.20

399.50

[334.40 to 394.00]

367.20

417.70

[336.00 to 398.40]

.89

Per capita income (in thousands)h

11.75

3.31

[11.51 to 12]

11.36

3.15

[11.12 to 11.59]

.023

Percent of the population with a college-level education

10.81

5.25

[10.26 to 11.37]

11.92

5.39

[11.35 to 12.49]

.006

Unemployment rate

4.06

1.19

[3.93 to 4.18]

5.78

1.50

[5.63 to 5.94]

< .001

Percent of white-collar workers

14.42

2.40

[14.17 to 14.68]

13.96

2.25

[13.73 to 14.2]

.010

SES composite Indexi

− 0.02

1.02

[−0.13 to 0.09]

0.02

0.98

[−0.08 to 0.12]

.59

Number of primary students/school

281.20

133.00

[271.3 to 291.1]

274.00

138.80

[263.7 to 284.4]

.33

Crime rate

1.47

0.73

[1.42 to 1.52]

1.10

0.53

[1.06 to 1.14]

< .001

Temperature (°C)

15.82

2.53

[15.3 to 16.34]

15.59

2.36

[15.10 to 16.07]

.52

Humidity (%)

70.28

4.70

[69.31 to 71.25]

69.44

4.36

[68.54 to 70.33]

.21

Discomfort Indexj

60.05

3.87

[59.25 to 60.84]

59.68

3.58

[58.94 to 60.41]

.50

Hospital beds per 1000 population

13.89

4.75

[13.54 to 14.24]

13.89

4.62

[13.55 to 14.24]

.99

  1. aStandard Deviation
  2. bConfidence Intervals
  3. cp-value of mean equality test
  4. dNumber of residents were unavailable prior to 2004
  5. eNumber of ophthalmologists per 1000 population
  6. fNumber of physicians other than ophthalmologists per 1000 population
  7. gNumber of physicians other than ophthalmologists and residents per 1000 population
  8. hJapanese yen was converted into US$ using the rate that applied in March 2013 of approximately 95 Japanese yen per US$
  9. iA composite index of socioeconomic indicators created from the percent of the population with a college-level education, percent of white-collar workers, the unemployment rate, and per capita income
  10. jCalculated by using temperature and humidity
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