From: Flipped classroom improves student learning in health professions education: a meta-analysis
Moderator | Â | Â | Â | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | SMD | SE | LL | UL | |
For student equivalence | |||||
 No data provided | 13 | 0.31 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.50 |
 No statistical difference (pretest, or other scores) | 11 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.59 |
 Randomized assignment | 4 | 0.28 | 0.18 | −0.08 | 0.63 |
For instructor equivalence | |||||
 No data | 17 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.39 |
 Different instructors | 3 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.76 |
 Identical instructors | 8 | 0.55 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.79 |
Research design | |||||
 Historical control | 20 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.48 |
 Quasi-experiment | 4 | 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.81 |
 Random | 4 | 0.28 | 0.18 | −0.08 | 0.63 |
Types of students | |||||
 Medicine | 13 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.45 |
 Pharmacy | 10 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.65 |
 Public health | 2 | 0.40 | 0.29 | −0.18 | 0.98 |
 Nursing | 1 | 0.08 | 0.36 | −0.62 | 0.79 |
 Dental | 1 | 0.19 | 0.30 | −0.39 | 0.78 |
 Chiropractic | 1 | 0.29 | 0.39 | −0.47 | 1.04 |
Availability of pre-class assessment/ exercise? | |||||
 No | 17 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.41 |
 Yes | 11 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 0.65 |
Availability of pre-class readings/ notes? | |||||
 No | 18 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.51 |
 Yes | 10 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.53 |
Availability of quiz at start of in-class? | |||||
 No | 20 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.38 |
 Yes | 8 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.78* |