Ethnic bias and clinical decision-making among New Zealand medical students: an observational study

BMC Medical Education

Table 2 Participant ethnic bias results by vignette patient ethnicity

	CVD vignette ethnicity		Depression vignette ethnicity
	NZ Euro patient	Māori patient	NZ Euro patient	Māori patient	Total
Participant bias Implicit/Explicit measure	n	n	n	n	n
Participant bias Implicit/Explicit measure	mean, 95% CI	mean, 95% CI	mean, 95% CI	mean, 95% CI	mean, 95% CI
IAT Ethnicity	95	103	105	93	198
preference^a	0.43 (0.34, 0.51)	0.36 (0.28, 0.45)	0.37 (0.29, 0.46)	0.42 (0.33, 0.50)	0.39 (0.33, 0.45)
IAT Ethnicity &	75	69	71	73	144
compliant patient^a	0.19 (0.11, 0.27)	0.21 (0.12, 0.30)	0.23 (0.14, 0.31)	0.17 (0.09, 0.25)	0.20 (0.14, 0.26)
Difference in warmth	118	115	122	111	233
ratings^b (NZE - Māori)	0.28 (0.09, 0.47)	0.10 (− 0.09, 0.28)	0.20 (0.04, 0.36)	0.18 (− 0.04, 0.40)	0.19 (0.06, 0.32)
Ethnic preference^c	118	115	122	111	233
	4.26 (4.13, 4.40)	4.17 (4.04, 4.31)	4.23 (4.10, 4.36)	4.21 (4.06, 4.35)	4.22 (4.12, 4.31)

^aD scores range from −2 to + 2. Negative scores show implicit preference or implicit higher compliance for Māori compared to European. Positive scores show implicit preference or implicit higher compliance for European compared to Māori
^b7-point scale from 1 = LEAST WARM to 7 = MOST WARM for each ethnic group, mean difference is paired data
^c7-point scale, response options reverse scored, 4 is neutral, above 4 preference for NZE, below 4 preference for Māori

ISSN: 1472-6920