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Table 4 Mean mental effort invested (SD) during the immediate and delayed post-tests, and 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA results for the effects of learners’ prior ability, learning condition factors, time moment and factor interactions

From: Fostering clinical reasoning in physiotherapy: comparing the effects of concept map study and concept map completion after example study in novice and advanced learners

 

Learning condition

Learners’ prior ability

2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA

Concept map completion

Concept map study

Advanced learners

Novice learners

 

Main effects

Interaction effects

Post-test

Post-test

Post-test

Post-test

 

Learning condition

Prior ability

Test moment

Learning condition

Learning condition

Prior ability

1

2

Mean

1

2

Mean

1

2

Mean

1

2

Mean

Statistical value

   

X Prior ability

X Test moment

X Test moment

Mental effort invested (max. =9)

6.8 (1.0)

6.2 (1.5)

6.5 (1.3)

6.9 (1.1)

6.7 (1.8)

6.8 (1.5)

6.4 (1.1)

6.6 (1.4)

6.5 (1.3)

7.2 (0.9)

6.3 (1.9)

6.8 (1.5)

F(1.57)

1.131

.657

2.375

.862

1.092

6.308

MSE

2.742

1.593

3.367

2.091

1.548

8.941

P

.292

.421

.129

.357

.300

.015

ηp 2=

.019

.011

.040

.015

.019

.100

  1. 1 represents Immediate post-test; 2 represents delayed post-test; Mean represents mean results for immediate and delayed post-tests. MSE represents mean-square error value; ηp 2 represents effect size (partial eta square) calculated for all comparisons. Statistically significant p values (p < .05) are presented in bold
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