Table 2 Knee Physical Examination

1

 Standing

0 1 2

Gait, alignment, popliteal fossa

 Supine position, knee adequately exposed

0 1 2

Alignment, atrophy, lesions, scars, erythema

 Effusion

0 1 2

Full extension, medial/lateral gutters

2

 Extension/Flexion 0–140°

0 1 2

 Hip IR (30°) and ER (60°)

0 1 2

3

 Flex to 90° with heel resting on table

0 1 2

  Quadriceps tendon

0 1 2

  Patellar tendon

0 1 2

  Tibial tubercle

0 1 2

  Lateral joint line

0 1 2

  Lateral femoral epicondyle

0 1 2

(proximal LCL and ITB)

  Fibular head

0 1 2

(distal LCL)

  Medial joint line

0 1 2

  Medial femoral epicondyle

0 1 2

(proximal MCL)

  Medial tibia

0 1 2

(distal MCL)

  Pes anserine bursa

0 1 2

4

 Posterior Cruciate Ligament

  Posterior Drawer

0 1 2

Knee flexed to 90°

Examiner stabilizes foot

Thumbs on anterior tibia, translate posterior

 Anterior Cruciate Ligament

  Anterior drawer

0 1 2

Knee flexed to 90°

Examiner stabilizes foot

Thumbs on anterior tibia, translate anterior

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Lachman Test

0 1 2

Knee flexed to 30°

Hands near joint line

Anterior tibial translation

Medial Collateral Ligament (Valgus stress)

0 1 2

30° flexion

Lateral Collateral Ligament (Varus stress)

0 1 2

30° flexion

5

  McMurray Test

  Medial Meniscus

0 1 2

Fingers on posteromedial joint line

Full knee flexion

External rotation sweep and slow leg

extension

  McMurray Test

  Lateral Meniscus

0 1 2

Fingers on posterolateral joint line

Full knee flexion

Internal rotation sweep and slow leg extension

  Palpation of medial and lateral patellar facets

0 1 2

  Patellar Compression Test

0 1 2

Active quadriceps contraction

Repeat with posterior patellar compression

  Noble Compression Test

0 1 2

Palpate lateral femoral epicondyle

Passive knee ROM (pain at 30°)