The application of heterogeneous cluster grouping to reflective writing for medical humanities literature study to enhance students’ empathy, critical thinking, and reflective writing

Table 6 ANCOVA comparison of the adjusted means of the reflective writing post-test

Proficiency	Group	Adjusted mean of post-test	F	p-value
Focus & context structure	Experimental Control	3.97	0.005	0.942
Focus & context structure	Experimental Control	3.98	0.005	0.942
Ideas	Experimental Control	5.25	21.256	0.000**
Ideas	Experimental Control	4.44	21.256	0.000**
Voice & point of view	Experimental Control	4.88	12.260	0.001**
Voice & point of view	Experimental Control	4.24	12.260	0.001**
Critical thinking & representation	Experimental Control	4.74	4.157	0.045*
Critical thinking & representation	Experimental Control	4.28	4.157	0.045*
Depth of reflection on personal growth	Experimental Control	4.94	11.852	0.001**
Depth of reflection on personal growth	Experimental Control	4.27	11.852	0.001**
Language & conventions	Experimental Control	3.49	0.346	0.558
Language & conventions	Experimental Control	3.58	0.346	0.558

ISSN: 1472-6920