Table 2 Students’ agreement with attitudinal variables potentially influencing the adoption – group comparisons based on usage
Variable | Valid N | Five times or less used | More than five times used | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(Likert scale from 1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree“) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | (U-Test) | |
7. I always belong to the first ones that use a new technology. | 301 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
8. I do not enjoy the usage of smartphones and smartphone applications. | 303 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 0.004 |
9. I will definitely use medical smartphone applications less in the future. | 299 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.006 |
10. Using medical smartphone applications for the profession of a doctor is good. | 301 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
11. Medical smartphone applications are used frequently among my fellow students. | 299 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 0.164 |
12. I consider myself unconfident when handling smartphones and smartphone applications. | 298 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 0.177 |
13. Having medical smartphone applications is important in my working environment. | 301 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 0.005 |
14. Using medical smartphone applications does not fit personal way of working. | 301 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 0.001 |
15. I believe that the usage of new media does not depend on the attitude of an individual. | 299 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 0.095 |
16. Whether or not one uses a smartphone application essentially depends on previous related experiences. | 297 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.055 |
17. Smartphone applications for university education will not be used by students unless they are involved during the development. | 301 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 0.055 |
18. The more a university supports a smartphone application the more the students will use this technology. | 299 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 0.010 |
19. Whether or not smartphone application will be used at a university depends on the trends and circumstances outside the universities. | 300 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 0.472 |