Example-based learning: comparing the effects of additionally providing three different integrative learning activities on physiotherapy intervention knowledge

Table 2 Mean mental effort invested (SD) in the learning activity and in the post-test for the three learning conditions

		a) Self-explanation	b) Concept mapping	c) Concept map study	Tukey post-hoc HSD
		a) Self-explanation	b) Concept mapping	c) Concept map study	P _a-b	P _a-c	P _b-c
Learning phase	Mental effort (max = 9)	6.70 (0.86)	6.92 (0.79)	6.02 (1.13)	.649	.015	.001
Post-test	Mental effort (max = 9)	5.90 (0.92)	7.07 (0.83)	6.52 (1.03)	.001	.030	.060

P_{a -b,}P_{a -c,}P_{b -c}: P values for comparisons between self-explanation and concept mapping, self-explanation versus concept map study and concept-mapping versus concept map study, respectively. P values < .05 are in bold.

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