From: Impact of postgraduate training on communication skills teaching: a controlled study
Code | Communication items | Inpatient | Outpatient | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Explaining | Breaking bad news | Discussing with a family | Explaining a diagnosis | Managing time | Managing a difficult consultation |
1 | Announcing the duration of the consultation | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â |
2 | Establishing initial rapport | x | x | x | x | x | x |
3 | Setting the medical agenda | x | x | x | x | x | x |
4 | Introducing each other | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
5 | Negotiating the agenda | Â | Â | x | x | x | x |
6 | Announcing | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
7 | Exploring patient’s perspectives | x | x | x | x | x | x |
8 | Exploring patient’s understanding of what has happened |  |  |  |  |  | x |
9 | Summarizing the context | x | x | x | x | x | x |
10 | Informing | x | x | x | x | x | x |
11 | Clarifying roles, rules | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
12 | Using clear language/no jargon | x | x | x | x | Â | x |
13 | Chunking and checking (by open-ended questioning, reflecting, silence) | x | x | x | x | x | x |
14 | Empathy/legitimating | x | x | x | x | x | x |
15 | Making information circulate between participants | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
16 | Being supportive | x | x | x | x | x | x |
17 | Summarizing | x | x | x | x | x | x |
18 | Planning the future | x | x | x | x | x | x |
19 | Remaining calm | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x |
20 | Checking patient’s understanding at the end | x | x | x | x |  |  |
21 | Non verbal | x | x | x | x | x | x |
22 | Defining the limits | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x |
23 | Negotiating a common solution with the patient | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x |
24 | Maintaining the frame | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x |
25 | Acknowledging the problem | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x |
26 | Apologizing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x |