Table 9 Response distribution to questions about knowledge of pharmacists regarding insulin use represented as frequency and percentage (N = 465)
Item | Pharmacist’s correct answer | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|
Insulin is | Hormone | 368(79.1%) |
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas by | Beta cell | 334(71.8%) |
Which patient requires insulin? | Type 1&Type 2 DM | 216(46.5%) |
Insulin can be injected into the abdomen? | Yes | 386(83%) |
Insulin can be injected into the gluteus? | Yes | 89(19.1%) |
Insulin can be injected into the deltoid? | Yes | 262(56.3%) |
Insulin can be injected into the thigh? | Yes | 357(76.8%) |
The distance to rotate on the same site is one thumb | Yes | 276(59.4%) |
Unopened insulin vials should be stored in *One or multiple answers | Refrigerator | 431(92.7%) |
Used insulin vials should be stored in *One or multiple answers | Room temperature Refrigerator | 100(21.5%) 375(80.6%) |
If a fridge is not available insulin vial could be stored in a clay pot containing water | Yes | 303(65.2%) |
The insulin pen has a needle of 31-gauge | Yes | 71(15.3%) |
Women who get pregnant should stop insulin | No | 364(78.3%) |
How should short-acting insulin be taken concerning meals? | Immediately before or directly after | 337(72.5%) |
Insulin should be injected while it is cold | No | 259(55.7%) |
To minimize pain associated with insulin injections, a 29-gauge needle should be used | No | 71(15.3%) |
Removing air bubbles from the insulin syringe before injecting | Yes | 329(70.8%) |
If two types of insulin to be mixed, is/are there any precautions (s) you should take concerning the vial? | Gentle mixing or rotating | 148(31.8%) |
Hands should be washed with soap and water before handling injection devices | Yes | 402(86.5%) |
The insulin vial should be kept at room temperature at least for 15 minutes before giving the injection | Yes | 280(60.2%) |
Air should be injected into the insulin vial before drawing insulin out of the vial | Yes | 119(25.9%) |
If drawing both soluble and isophane insulin into the same syringe the isophane insulin should be drawn into the vial first | No | 118(25.4%) |
Which of the following is/are the side effect/s of insulin? *One or multiple answers | Weight gain Hypoglycemia Allergy | 233(40.1%) 177(30.5%) 47(8.1%) |
Diabetic ketoacidosis can be developed in | Type 1 and Type 2 DM | 185(39.8%) |
Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level | < 50 mg/dl < 70 mg/dl | 208(44.7%) 171(36.8%) |
What are the signs of hypoglycemia | All the above | 356(76.6%) |
What are the contraindications for insulin? | Allergy Hypoglycemia | 58(12.5%) 47(10.1%) |