Table 4 Differences in the attitude of patients towards insulin use stratified by age, gender, education status, employment, and insulin administration type (N = 492)
Variable | Age group | Gender | Education | Employment | Insulin administration device | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | P value | Median | P value | Median | P value | Median | P value | Median | P value | |||||||||||||||
18–30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | 51–60 | 61–70 | 71–80 | > 80 | male | female | primary | secondary | higher education | uneducated | unemployed | self-employed | retired | student | pen | needle/syringe | ||||||
Do you think insulin administration with a pen is easier than syringes? | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0.067 | 3 | 3 | 0.429 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0.046* | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0.194 | 3 | 2 | 0.000* |
Insulin started due to worsened DM | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.849 | 3 | 3 | 0.886 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.450 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.393 | 3 | 3 | 0.269 |
Do you think your DM has been better controlled since you started insulin? | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.134 | 3 | 3 | 0.054 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.142 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.174 | 3 | 3 | 0.226 |
Insulin makes life less flexible | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.000* | 1 | 1 | 0.871 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.131 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.088 | 1 | 1 | 0.814 |
Insulin allows a less restrictive diet | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.725 | 1 | 1 | 0.831 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.295 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.138 | 1 | 1 | 0.094 |
Insulin therapy is costly | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.107 | 2 | 3 | 0.232 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 0.089 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0.872 | 3 | 3 | 0.280 |
Insulin is more effective than oral hypoglycemic drugs | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.008* | 3 | 3 | 0.930 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.000* | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0.005* | 3 | 3 | 0.314 |
Do you think insulin administration is time-consuming? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.602 | 1 | 1 | 0.007* | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.914 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.000* | 1 | 1 | 0.287 |
Do you think insulin administration is an embarrassment? | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0.057 | 1 | 1 | 0.838 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.907 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.186 | 1 | 1 | 0.930 |
Do you think insulin is easy to take? | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0.144 | 3 | 3 | 0.331 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.145 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.999 | 3 | 3 | 0.704 |
Do you think insulin is painful? | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0.001* | 2 | 3 | 0.000* | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.081 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0.289 | 3 | 3 | 0.415 |
Are you fearful of weight gain resulting from insulin? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.015* | 1 | 1 | 0.008* | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.722 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.041* | 1 | 1 | 0.928 |
Are you afraid of scarring at the injection sites caused by insulin injections? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.034* | 1 | 1 | 0.001* | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.203 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.203 | 1 | 1 | 0.072 |
Insulin causes addiction | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.196 | 3 | 3 | 0.288 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.494 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.472 | 3 | 3 | 0.517 |
Does insulin interfere with your daily activity? | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.764 | 3 | 3 | 0.606 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.218 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.269 | 3 | 3 | 0.183 |