Table 10 Differences in perceptions of pharmacists towards insulin stratified by age, gender, postgraduate studies, type of postgraduate study, and years of practice (N = 465)

Do you think DM is better controlled once insulin is started?

3

4

4

3

0.419

4

4

0.851

3

4

0.002*

3

3

4

3

0.003*

3

3

4

3

0.018*

Do you think Insulin allows a less restrictive diet?

3

3

3

3

0.478

2

2

0.404

2

2

0.660

2

2

3

2

0.568

2

2

2

2

0.308

Insulin therapy is costly?

3

3

3

3

0.255

4

4

0.961

4

4

0.547

4

5

3

4

0.387

4

4

4

4

0.921

Insulin is more effective than oral hypoglycemic drugs?

2

1

1

1

1

0.345

4

4

0.413

3

4

0.000*

3

3

4

3

0.002*

4

4

4

4

0.033*

Do you think insulin administration is painful?

1

1

1

1

1

0.582

3

3

0.597

3

3

0.689

4

3

4

3

0.905

3

3

3

3

0.726

Insulin causes addiction

3

3

3

3

3

0.036*

2

2

0.000*

2

2

0.080

1.5

1

1

2

0.344

2

2

2

2

0.000*

Do you feel sympathy towards patients on insulin?

3

3

3

3

3

0.157

4

4

0.180

4

4

0.143

4

2

4

4

0.212

4

4

4

4

0.482

Do you believe that most patients on oral antidiabetic therapy do not accept insulin therapy?

1

1

1

1

0.156

4

4

0.994

4

4

0.906

4

4

4

4

0.405

4

4

4

4

0.000*

Do you believe that proper patient education and training are the keys to successful initiation of insulin therapy?

3

3

3

3

0.641

5

5

0.831

5

5

0.647

4

1

5

5

0.158

5

4

4.5

5

0.557

Do you think insulin compliance is difficult?

3

3

3

3

0.022*

3

3

0.374

3

3

0.486

3

5

4

3

0.07

3

3

4

3

0.329

Do you believe that the benefits of insulin therapy outweigh the risks of hypoglycemia and weight gain?

2

3

3

3

0.565

4

4

0.010*

4

4

0.152

4

2

4

4

0.345

4

4

4

4

0.005*