Table 1 Questions from in-depth key informant interviews designed to capture experiences of racism in medicine, anti-racism teaching in medicine, and elicit recommendations for strategies to improve and sustain anti-racism curricula

Question 1: Can you tell me about any experiences you’ve had with racism in your program?

Probe: How have these affected residents’ learning?

Probe: How have these affected patient care?

Probe: Has your program done anything to address the challenges noted?

Question 2: Can you describe the extent to which your program discussed or implemented an anti-racism program?

If discussed:

Probe: Can you tell me a bit about how it works?

Probe: What contributed to the success of setting up and running the program?

Probe: Can you tell me a bit about what challenges your program faced when designing, implementing, and continuing this curriculum?

Probe: If challenges, can you tell me a bit about how you overcame, or plan to overcome these challenges?

Question 3: What other activities has your program implemented to address the problem of racism in medicine?

Probe: Have these efforts been successful?

Probe: Why or why not?

Question 4: How has your organization measured or evaluated the success or impact of the program?

Probe: Are there any quantitative measures?

Probe: Are there any qualitative measures?

Probe: What practical, long-term outcomes have you decided to measure or considered measuring, if any? (For example, financial, patient-centered, resident behaviors, etc.)

Probe: What sorts of measures, if any, have you developed or considered using to measure whether the curriculum is having the desired downstream effects on things like resident behaviors in practice, and changes in the health of the patients and/or communities your residents serve?

Question 5: In what ways have you incorporated quality improvement efforts into your curriculum development and/or ongoing activities (if any)?

Question 6: In what ways (if any) have you tried to make the curriculum sustainable?

Probe: Have you considered actions at the program level?

Probe: Have you considered actions at the health system level?

Probe: Have you considered actions at the community level?

Probe: Have you considered activism at the state/federal policy level?

Probe: Any staffing or recruitment considerations?

Probe: What sorts of resources are needed to create a sustainable program?

Question 7: What advice do you have for other programs thinking about designing and implementing an anti-racism curriculum for residents? Or what would you imagine would be included in an ideal anti-racism curriculum?

Probe: What would this sort of curriculum look like?

Probe: What resources would you include?

Probe: What outcome measures would you look at? How would you measure success?

Probe: How would you make it sustainable?

Probe: How would you implement quality improvement efforts?