Independent variables | Grade Point Average | |
---|---|---|
1) Demographics and education | Std. β | p |
 Age | 0.11 | <0.01 |
 Gender | −0.10 | 0.01 |
 Prior higher education | 0.01 | 0.79 |
 Time spent on self-study | 0.10 | <0.01 |
Explained variance | 2.6% | <0.01 |
2) Deep approach subscales | ||
 Seeking meaning | 0.12 | 0.01 |
 Relating ideas | −0.05 | 0.30 |
 Use of evidence | 0.02 | 0.69 |
 Interest in ideas | −0.08 | 0.08 |
R2 change | 1.2% | 0.08 |
Explained variance | 3.8% | <0.01 |
3) Strategic approach subscales | ||
 Organized study | −0.00 | 0.99 |
 Time management | −0.12 | 0.04 |
 Alertness to assessment | −0.06 | 0.17 |
 Achieving | 0.22 | <0.001 |
 Monitoring effectiveness | 0.04 | 0.39 |
R2 change | 1.8% | 0.03 |
Explained variance | 5.6% | <0.001 |
4) Surface approach subscales | ||
 Lack of purpose | 0.14 | <0.01 |
 Unrelated memorizing | −0.02 | 0.70 |
 Syllabus-bound | −0.01 | 0.88 |
 Fear of failure | −0.17 | <0.001 |
R2 change | 4.0% | <0.001 |
Explained variance | 9.6% | <0.001 |