Table 5 Impact factors and subject-related impact factors

Gender

male

female

male

female

 Mean (SD)

3.48 (2.67)

3.46 (2.99)

1.83 (1.28)

1.67 (1.39)

Final grade of the doctorate

excellent

very good

good/satisfactory

excellent

very good

good/satisfactory

 Mean (SD)

4.49 (2.95)

3.51 (2.70)

2.70 (2.99)

2.15 (1.28)

1.77 (1.29)

1.41 (1.45)

Participation in a structured doctoral study program

yes

no

yes

no

 Mean (SD)

4.33 (2.91)

3.37 (2.82)

2.11 (1.28)

1.70 (1.34)

Joint publications with academic supervisor (minimum 1)

yes

no

yes

no

 Mean (SD)

3.64 (3.03)

2.84 (2.25)

1.80 (1.42)

1.56 (1.10)