Approaches to teaching and learning

Virtual patients reflecting the clinical reality of primary care – a useful tool to improve cultural competence

Virtual patients are educational tools that may be described as case-based interactive computer simulations of clinical scenarios. In terms of learning outcomes, improved clinical reasoning skills and knowledg...

Authors: Erica Rothlind, Uno Fors, Helena Salminen, Per Wändell and Solvig Ekblad

Let’s ask the patient – composition and validation of a questionnaire for patients’ feedback to medical students

Adequate communication and maintaining a patient-centered approach throughout patient encounters are important skills for medical students to develop. Feedback is often provided by clinical teachers. Patients ...

Authors: Karin Björklund, Terese Stenfors, Gunnar H. Nilsson, Hassan Alinaghizadeh and Charlotte Leanderson

–A cross-sectional study of clinical learning environments across four undergraduate programs using the undergraduate clinical education environment measure

The clinical learning environment (CLE) influences students’ achievement of learning outcomes and the development of their professional behaviors. However, CLEs are not always optimal for learning because of c...

Authors: Malin Sellberg, Per J. Palmgren and Riitta Möller

Exploring wellbeing in first year medical students amidst a curriculum change

The support of student wellbeing features highly in all higher education institutional agendas. For medical students good physical and mental health can help prevent burnout, equip students for their future he...

Authors: Deborah Merrick, Yvonne Mbaki, Margaret K. Pratten and Timothy G. Simpson

Smartpath^k: a platform for teaching glomerulopathies using machine learning

With the emergence of the new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), distance learning, especially that mediated by information and digital communication technologies, has been adopted in all areas of knowledge and ...

Authors: Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Keylla Maria de Sá Urtiga Aita, Vinícius Ponte Machado, Luiz Claudio Demes da Mata Sousa, Antonio Gilberto Borges Coelho, Adalberto Socorro da Silva, Ana Paula da Silva Mendes, Francisco Jair de Oliveira Neres and Semíramis Jamil Hadad do Monte

Exploring how differently patients and clinical tutors see the same consultation: building evidence for inclusion of real patient feedback in medical education

Undergraduate medical education recognises that patient feedback is potentially valuable for student learning and development as a component of multi-source feedback. However greater exploration of how patient...

Authors: Jennifer Barr, Kathryn Ogden, Iain Robertson and Jenepher Martin

Information and communication technology to enhance continuing professional development (CPD) and continuing medical education (CME) for Rwanda: a scoping review of reviews

Access to high quality continuing professional development (CPD) is necessary for healthcare professionals to retain competency within the ever-evolving worlds of medicine and health. Most low- and middle-inco...

Authors: Joseph Lune Ngenzi, Richard E. Scott and Maurice Mars

Scaffolding medical student knowledge and skills: team-based learning (TBL) and case-based learning (CBL)

Two established small-group learning paradigms in medical education include Case-based learning (CBL) and Team-based learning (TBL). Characteristics common to both pedagogies include the use of an authentic cl...

Authors: Annette Burgess, Elie Matar, Chris Roberts, Inam Haq, Lucy Wynter, Julian Singer, Eszter Kalman and Jane Bleasel

Workplace-based assessments of entrustable professional activities in a psychiatry core clerkship: an observational study

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in competency-based, undergraduate medical education (UME) have led to new formative workplace-based assessments (WBA) using entrustment-supervision scales in clerksh...

Authors: Severin Pinilla, Alexandra Kyrou, Stefan Klöppel, Werner Strik, Christoph Nissen and Sören Huwendiek

Applying visual mapping techniques to promote learning in community-based medical education activities

Teaching and learning Community-Based Medical Education (CBME) requires the active engagement of students in various activities to cover planned curricular content. CBME being multifaceted involves careful app...

Authors: Sonali G. Choudhari, Abhay M. Gaidhane, Priti Desai, Tripti Srivastava, Vedprakash Mishra and Syed Quazi Zahiruddin

Reliability of simulation-based assessment for practicing physicians: performance is context-specific

Even physicians who routinely work in complex, dynamic practices may be unprepared to optimally manage challenging critical events. High-fidelity simulation can realistically mimic critical clinically relevant...

Authors: Elizabeth Sinz, Arna Banerjee, Randolph Steadman, Matthew S. Shotwell, Jason Slagle, William R. McIvor, Laurence Torsher, Amanda Burden, Jeffrey B. Cooper, Samuel DeMaria Jr, Adam I. Levine, Christine Park, David M. Gaba, Matthew B. Weinger and John R. Boulet

Standardizing clinical culture specimen collection in Ethiopia: a training‐of‐trainers

Proper specimen collection is central to improving patient care by ensuring optimal yield of diagnostic tests, guiding appropriate management, and targeting treatment. The purpose of this article is to describ...

Authors: Jennifer Kue, Ashley Bersani, Kurt Stevenson, Getnet Yimer, Shu-Hua Wang, Wondwossen Gebreyes, Carmen Hazim, Matthew Westercamp, Michael Omondi, Berhanu Amare, Gebrie Alebachew, Rajiha Abubeker, Surafel Fentaw, Eyasu Tigabu, Denise Kirley, Daniel Vanderende…

Application of 3D modeling and fusion technology of medical image data in image teaching

We combined anatomy with imaging, transformed the 2D information of various imaging techniques into 3D information, and form the assessment system of real medical imaging cases in order to make up for the defi...

Authors: Quan Yuan, Xiaomei Chen, Jian Zhai, Yadi Chen, Qingxiang Liu, Zhongxiao Tan, Gao Chen, Kangle Zhuang, Jianying Zhang, Xi Xu, Di Qiang and Xuefei Shao

A mixed methods study to evaluate the impact of a student-run clinic on undergraduate medical education

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which a longitudinal student-run clinic (SRC) is meeting its stated learning objectives, including providing critical community services and developing p...

Authors: Nathan G. Rockey, Taylor M. Weiskittel, Katharine E. Linder, Jennifer L. Ridgeway and Mark L. Wieland

Feedback after OSCE: A comparison of face to face versus an enhanced written feedback

The Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is a useful means of generating meaningful feedback. OSCE feedback may be in various forms (written, face to face and audio or video recordings). Studies on OSCE f...

Authors: Chin Fang Ngim, Paul Douglas Fullerton, Vanassa Ratnasingam, Valliammai Jayanthi Thirunavuk Arasoo, Nisha Angela Dominic, Cindy Pei Sze Niap and Sivakumar Thurairajasingam

Comparison of ‘Mental training’ and physical practice in the mediation of a structured facial examination: a quasi randomized, blinded and controlled study

The correct performance of a structured facial examination presents a fundamental clinical skill to detect facial pathologies. However, many students are not adequately prepared in this basic clinical skill. M...

Authors: Arne Nelskamp, Benedikt Schnurr, Alexandra Germanyuk, Jasmina Sterz, Jonas Lorenz, Robert Sader, Miriam Rüsseler and Lukas B. Seifert

Talking the talk in junior interprofessional education: is healthcare terminology a barrier or facilitator?

Use of healthcare terminology is a potential barrier to interprofessional education (IPE). This study describes how junior learners perceive and classify healthcare terminology in IPE settings.

Authors: Shamara Nadarajah, Arden Azim, Derya Uzelli Yılmaz and Matthew Sibbald

Can ultrasound novices develop image acquisition skills after reviewing online ultrasound modules?

Point-of-care ultrasound is becoming a ubiquitous diagnostic tool, and there has been increasing interest to teach novice practitioners. One of the challenges is the scarcity of qualified instructors, and with...

Authors: Elaine Situ-LaCasse, Josie Acuña, Dang Huynh, Richard Amini, Steven Irving, Kara Samsel, Asad E. Patanwala, David E. Biffar and Srikar Adhikari

Optimising student-led interprofessional learning across eleven health disciplines

Provision of effective Interprofessional learning (IPL) opportunities plays a vital role in preparing healthcare students for future collaborative practice. There is an identified need for universities to bett...

Authors: Christie van Diggele, Chris Roberts and Inam Haq

Effectivity of near-peer teaching in training of basic surgical skills – a randomized controlled trial

Near-peer teaching (NPT) is a special way of teaching where the tutor is one or more academic years ahead of the person being tutored. The literature agrees on the benefits of the method, but there are only a ...

Authors: Zsolt Pintér, Dániel Kardos, Péter Varga, Eszter Kopjár, Anna Kovács, Péter Than, Szilárd Rendeki, László Czopf, Zsuzsanna Füzesi and Ádám Tibor Schlégl

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental education: online experience and practice expectations among dental students at the University of Jordan

The quarantine associated with the COVID-19 pandemic forced dental schools to suspend their clinical training and to shift to distant learning methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of qua...

Authors: Susan Hattar, Abeer AlHadidi, Faleh A. Sawair, Islam Abd Alraheam, Ahmad El-Ma’aita and Fouad Kadim Wahab

Alternative approaches for clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic: online simulated clinical practice for inpatients and outpatients—A mixed method

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a need for educational materials and methods that can replace clinical clerkships (CCs) for online simulated clinical practice (online-sCP). This study evaluates the impact of...

Authors: Hajime Kasai, Kiyoshi Shikino, Go Saito, Tomoko Tsukamoto, Yukiko Takahashi, Ayaka Kuriyama, Kazuhisa Tanaka, Misaki Onodera, Hidetaka Yokoh, Koichiro Tatusmi, Ichiro Yoshino, Masatomi Ikusaka, Seiichiro Sakao and Shoichi Ito

Improving medical students’ communication competencies to deal with intimate partner violence using clinical simulations in Mozambique

During their medical training, medical students aim to master communication skills and professionalism competencies to foster the best possible patient-physician relationship. This is especially evident when d...

Authors: B. Manuel, M. Valcke, I. Keygnaert and K. Roelens

Man or machine? Impact of tutor-guided versus simulator-guided short-time bronchoscopy training on students learning outcomes

Simulation based medical education is efficient for the acquisition of flexible bronchoscopy navigational skills and the knowledge of the tracheobronchial anatomy. However, bronchoscopy simulator training is n...

Authors: Anke Schertel, Thomas Geiser and Wolf E. Hautz

Effect of mobile learning on academic achievement and attitude of Sudanese dental students: a preliminary study

Despite the great development of smart phone programs and applications, and the wide-spread of these devices among students, their use for the educational purposes remains weak. The study aimed to investigate ...

Authors: Nissreen Nugud Mergany, Alam-Elhuda Dafalla and Elhadi Awooda

How supervision and educational supports impact medical students’ preparation for future learning of endotracheal intubation skills: a non-inferiority experimental trial

Professional education cannot keep pace with the rapid advancements of knowledge in today’s society. But it can develop professionals who can. ‘Preparation for future learning’ (PFL) has been conceptualized as...

Authors: Julian C. Manzone, Maria Mylopoulos, Charlotte Ringsted and Ryan Brydges

Healing Through History: a qualitative evaluation of a social medicine consultation curriculum for internal medicine residents

Social context guides care; stories sustain meaning; neither is routinely prioritized in residency training. Healing Through History (HTH) is a social medicine consultation curriculum integrating social determ...

Authors: Joel Bradley, David Styren, Abigail LaPlante, John Howe, Sienna R. Craig and Emily Cohen

An innovative pharmacology curriculum for medical students: promoting higher order cognition, learner-centered coaching, and constructive feedback through a social pedagogy framework

Ongoing developments in medical education recognize the move to curricula that support self-regulated learning processes, skills of thinking, and the ability to adapt and navigate uncertain situations as much ...

Authors: Douglas McHugh, Andrew J. Yanik and Michael R. Mancini

Application and practice of a step-by-step method combined with case-based learning in Chinese otoendoscopy education

Standardized training allows more physicians to master otoendoscopic surgery. However, the lecture-based learning (LBL) applied in otoendoscopy teaching may not be conducive to training students in clinical th...

Authors: Fanqin Wei, Qiyang Sun, Zili Qin, Huiwen Zhuang, Guangli Jiang and Xuan Wu

Nutrition from the kitchen: culinary medicine impacts students’ counseling confidence

Although a poor diet is the number one risk factor for early death in the United States and globally, physicians receive little to no training in dietary interventions and lack confidence counseling patients a...

Authors: Emily Magallanes, Ahana Sen, Milette Siler and Jaclyn Albin

Teaching clinical reasoning to undergraduate medical students by illness script method: a randomized controlled trial

The illness script method employs a theoretical outline (e.g., epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, interventions) to clarify how clinicians organized medical knowledge for clin...

Authors: Mana Moghadami, Mitra Amini, Mohsen Moghadami, Bhavin Dalal and Bernard Charlin

Pedagogical foundations of cybercivility in health professions education: a scoping review

Teaching cybercivility requires thoughtful attention to curriculum development and content delivery. Theories, models, and conceptual and theoretical frameworks (hereafter “tools”) provide useful foundations f...

Authors: Jennie C. DE GAGNE, Paula D. KOPPEL, Sang Suk KIM, Hyeyoung K. PARK and Sharron RUSHTON

Impact of blended learning on learning outcomes in the public healthcare education course: a review of flipped classroom with team-based learning

A flipped classroom with team-based learning is a blended educational strategy that guides active learning inside and outside the classroom. This study aimed to verify the effects of this innovative blended ed...

Authors: Hee Young Kang and Hae Ran Kim

Building a precision oncology workforce by multidisciplinary and case-based learning

Participants in two recent National Academy of Medicine workshops identified a need for more multi-disciplinary professionals on teams to assist oncology clinicians in precision oncology.

Authors: Srikar Chamala, Heather T. D. Maness, Lisa Brown, C. Brooke Adams, Jatinder K. Lamba and Christopher R. Cogle

Improving the quality of training paramedics by means of cadavers – a pilot study

Paramedics are authorised to perform emergency procedures, including trauma assessment according to global standards. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether the use of cadavers in teaching pra...

Authors: Piotr Leszczyński, Bożena Muraczyńska, Arkadiusz Wejnarski, Bożena Baczewska, Maria Malm and Bartłomiej Drop

“Brought to life through imagery” – animated graphic novels to promote empathic, patient-centred care in postgraduate medical learners

Empathy levels decline through medical training. This has been associated with poor patient and physician outcomes, and strategies to combat this decline are increasingly recognized as critical aspects of medi...

Authors: Travis Sutherland, Dorothy Choi and Catherine Yu

An evaluation of cascading mentorship as advocacy training in undergraduate medical education

Physicians are in a position of great influence to advocate for health equity. As such, it is important for physicians-in-training to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to fulfil this role. Although va...

Authors: Mitesh Patel, Devon Aitken, Yunlin Xue, Sanjeev Sockalingam and Alexander Simpson

Testing a new active learning approach to advance motor learning knowledge and self-efficacy in physical therapy undergraduate education

Motor learning (ML) science is foundational for physical therapy. However, multiple sources of evidence have indicated a science-practice gap. Clinicians report low self-efficacy with ML concepts and indicate ...

Authors: Daniela V. Vaz, Erica M. R. Ferreira, Giulia B. Palma, Osnat Atun-Einy, Michal Kafri and Fabiane R. Ferreira

The impact of writing on academic performance for medical students

Writing is a useful learning activity that promotes higher-order thinking, but there are limited studies that prove its effectiveness. In previous research, researchers tested the effect of summary writing on ...

Authors: Songeui Kim, Ji Won Yang, Jaeseo Lim, Seunghee Lee, Jungjoon Ihm and Jooyong Park

Simulation of operating room crisis management - hypotension training for pre‐clinical students

Simulation training is an essential criterion for medical staff. The majority of residents are trained in operating room crisis management (ORCM), but only a few pre-clinical anesthesia undergraduate students ...

Authors: Peng Gao, Chenyu Wang, Shijia Liu, Kevin C. Tran and Qingping Wen

Effect of motor imagery and actual practice on learning professional medical skills

The peripheral venous catheter is the most frequently used medical device in hospital care to administer intravenous treatment or to take blood samples by introducing a catheter into a vein. The aim of this st...

Authors: Christian Collet, Mahmoud El Hajj, Rawad Chaker, Bernard Bui-Xuan, Jean-Jacques Lehot and Nady Hoyek

Reflective practice and transcultural psychiatry peer e-learning between Somaliland and the UK: a qualitative evaluation

Reflective practice is a key skill for healthcare professionals. E-learning programmes have the potential to develop reflective practice in remote settings and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where a...

Authors: Mia Prosser, Thomas Stephenson, Jai Mathur, Hanieh Enayati, Abdirasak Kadie, Manal Mohamed Abdi, Jibril I. M. Handuleh and Roxanne C. Keynejad

Response to “How can WhatsApp facilitate the future of medical education and clinical practice?”

Authors: Enda O’Connor and Eamonn Coleman

Digital learning designs in physiotherapy education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Digital learning designs have the potential to support teaching and learning within higher education. However, the research on digital learning designs within physiotherapy education is limited. This study aim...

Authors: Nina Bjerketveit Ødegaard, Hilde Tinderholt Myrhaug, Tone Dahl-Michelsen and Yngve Røe

Factors affecting paramedicine students’ learning about evidence‐based practice: a phenomenographic study

Evidence-based practice is an important component of pre-service professional learning in medicine and allied health degrees, including new programmes in paramedicine. Despite substantial interest in this area...

Authors: Anna Wilson, Susan Howitt, Adele Holloway, Anne-Marie Williams and Denise Higgins

Making it stick: use of active learning strategies in continuing medical education

Despite the known benefits of active learning (AL), the predominate educational format in higher education is the lecture. The reasons for slow adaptation of AL in medical education are not well understood. Th...

Authors: Brenda A. Bucklin, Nancy L. Asdigian, Joy L. Hawkins and Ulrich Klein

Two-dimensional integration approach to teaching cardiovascular physiology: effectiveness and students’ perspectives

Pre-clerkship medical curriculums consist of a series of organ system-based courses and lectures but often lack an integration between organ systems. Such integration could be beneficial for clerkship years an...

Authors: Kasiphak Kaikaew, Sarocha Vivatvakin, Maneerat Chayanupatkul, Weerapat Kositanurit, Sekh Thanprasertsuk and Onanong Kulaputana

Perceived usefulness and ease of use of fundoscopy by medical students: a randomised crossover trial of six technologies (eFOCUS 1)

Fundoscopy outside ophthalmology is in decline, and the technical demands of the traditional direct ophthalmoscope examination are likely contributing. Alternative fundoscopy technologies are increasingly avai...

Authors: H. P. Dunn, C. J. Kang, S. Marks, J. L. Witherow, S. M. Dunn, P. R. Healey and A. J. White

Extending the use of the conceptions of learning and teaching (COLT) instrument to the postgraduate setting

Several studies have shown that conceptions of teachers on teaching and learning can influence the teaching practices and behavior in higher education. This association is also found in undergraduate medical e...

Authors: Jaime L. Pacifico, Walther van Mook, Jeroen Donkers, Johanna C. G. Jacobs, Cees van der Vleuten and Sylvia Heeneman

How important is distractor efficiency for grading Best Answer Questions?

Distractor efficiency and the optimum number of functional distractors per item in One Best Answer Questions have been debated. The prevalence of non-functional distractors has led to a reduction in the number...

Authors: Thomas Puthiaparampil and Mizanur Rahman