Table 2 Medical laboratory science and biotechnology students’ overall improvement throughout the five experiments (N = 32)

Dimension

 Clarity

1.64(1.07)/3.07(0.78)^*

1.94(1.13)/2.66(0.48)^*

3.06(0.88)/3.91(0.71)^*

3.81(0.59)/2.91(0.30)^*

2.44(0.84)/2.91(0.30)^*

0.410

0.45–1.07

0.0012

 Accuracy

0.47(0.79)/1.77(1.25)^*

1.03(1.12)/2.25(1.08)^*

2.03(1.03)/3.78(0.72)^*

3.06(1.32)/2.53(0.42)^*

1.75(0.80)/2.07(0.51)^*

0.348

1.35–3.43

0.0995

 Precision

1.21(1.01)/2.53(0.97)^*

2.03(0.86)/2.66(0.70)^*

2.25(0.62)/3.91(0.83)^*

2.91(0.78)/3.90(0.30)^*

2.53(0.51)/3.00(0.08)^*

0.296

0.30–0.64

0.0659

 Relevance

1.85(1.23)/2.47(1.20)^*

2.03(0.69)/2.78(0.42)^*

2.19(1.00)/ 3.91(0.70)^*

3.38(1.26)/3.91(0.30)^*

2.13(0.79)/2.50(0.72)^*

0.172

0.69–1.93

0.0007

 Depth

0.26(0.75)/1.77(1.25)^*

0.41(0.71)/1.69(1.09)^*

0.81(0.64)/3.25(1.29)^*

1.88(1.34)/2.19(0.62)^*

0.94(0.56)/2.37(0.78)^*

0.472

1.28–2.55

0.5733

 Breadth

0.32(0.77)/1.37(1.27)^*

0.46(0.72)/1.41(0.80)^*

0.59(0.72)/2.13(1.07)^*

0.94(0.76)/1.50(1.04)^*

0.56(0.50)/1.50(0.98)^*

0.360

0.45–1.03

0.6305

 Logic

0.26(0.75)/1.77(1.25)^*

0.75(0.95)/2.25(0.95)^*

1.47(0.67)/3.66(0.78)^*

2.94(1.13)/2.88(0.48)^*

1.94(0.80)/2.88(0.34)^*

0.455

0.29–0.64

< 0.0001

 Significance

0.26(0.75)/1.77(1.25)^*

0.53(0.72)/1.93(0.71)^*

0.97(0.62)/2.91(0.83)^*

1.25(1.05)/2.91(0.93)^*

0.69(0.47)/2.22(0.67)^*

0.399

0.83–1.54

0.5859

 Fairness

0.38(0.78)/1.77(1.25)^*

0.66(0.87)/2.00(1.11)^*

0.78(0.66)/3.06(0.88)^*

1.38(1.18)/2.19(1.19)^*

0.69(0.47)/2.37(0.78)^*

0.417

0.58–1.35

0.4342