Table 1 Wastes occurring in resident assessment
Types | Sub-wastes | Examples from teaching hospitals |
|---|---|---|
Waiting | Prepare test papers | Choose and generate test questions Test paper and assessment form formation Printing and bookbinding of test papers and assessment form |
Responses | Waiting for responses from examiners Waiting for responses from students Waiting for responses from supervisors Waiting for responses from patients | |
Approvals | Hierarchy review Manual signature | |
Conflicts | Examiner change due to time conflict Classroom change due to arrangement conflict | |
Grades and scores | Mark test papers Record the score of a batch of test papers manually Statistical analysis of the result Report and feedback | |
Over-processing | Multiple handovers | Too many people or manual work involved in process steps |
Repeated notification | Same information being manually notified to all kinds of personnel (examiners, students, supervisors, and administrators) Print the test paper repeatedly | |
Unnecessarily repeated tasks | Print the assessment form repeatedly | |
Overproduction | Produce extra useless information | Generate unnecessary information about students and examiners |
Excessive participation | Too much human power with the same goals | |
Inventory | Save extra materials | Unnecessarily save copies of the same test papers or assessment forms |
Excessive storage time | Maintaining space for test-related paper materials | |
Transportation | Devices stored away | Printer is at another place Computers for statistical analysis is in another place |
Motion | Excess movements | Students return from another rotated department due to delay in examination Signed documents moving from site to site |
Defects | Understanding deviations | Misunderstandings of regulations and requirements Wrong translation of examiners’ or supervisors' opinion Unrecognized written words from examiners and supervisors |
Errors in the data processing | Wrong grades in the system Wrong statistical methods | |
Under-utilized talent | Consume enthusiasm | Redundant process leads to waste of time and emotional exhaustion |
Information & technology | Information talents were not involved Technology talents were not involved |