Fig. 1

Gender, Medicine, and Law course flow. The lecture on Gender, Medicine, and Law (GML) comprised 10 min of introduction, 15 min of video trigger appreciation, 50 min of the PBL discussion, and 15 min of oral presentation. Pre-test and post-test were conducted at the beginning of 5 min and the ending of 5 min of the class in the first school year. Different mechanisms of feedback collection were used in the first and second school years to measure student performance, knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives. The prior one was pre-/post-lecture tests, and the latter one was a post-lecture semi-structured questionnaire