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Table 1 General information of participants

From: Development and evaluation of a portable and soft 3D-printed cast for laparoscopic choledochojejunostomy model in surgical training

 

Attendings (n = 5)

Fellows (n = 5)

Residents (n = 5)

P-value

Age

42.80 ± 0.84

36.40 ± 1.14

28.20 ± 0.84

< 0.001*

Years of working

14.20 ± 1.64

6.40 ± 1.14

2.80 ± 0.45

< 0.001*

Gender (M/F)

5/0

5/0

4/1

1.000

Hand dominance (R/L)

5/0

5/0

5/0

–

Cases of LCJ as lead surgeon

   

0.003

 0

0/5

3/5

5/5

 

 1–10

1/5

2/5

0/5

 

  ≥ 10

4/5

0/5

0/5

 

Cases of LCJ as first assistant

   

0.007

 0

0/5

0/5

3/5

 

 1–10

0/5

1/5

2/5

 

 10–30

0/5

1/5

0/5

 

  ≥ 30

5/5

3/5

0/5

 

Box training experience

2/5

3/5

5/5

0.253

VR experience

1/5

2/5

1/5

1.000

3D printing model experience

0/5

0/5

0/5

–

Ex vitro animal experience

2/5

2/5

0/5

0.442

Live animal experience

2/5

1/5

0/5

0.712

  1. *P < 0.001
  2. Note: M male, F female, VR virtual reality, LCJ laparoscopic choledochojejunostomy