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Table 2 Meta-aggregated results for personality traits of health professionals (n = 143 studies)

From: Profiling health professionals’ personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review

Profession

Personality Traits

Tool

N

Mean

SD

Practical Interpretation

Medicine

Ability to cope and tolerance of negative emotion [175]

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

14.58

3.28

Information not available for interpretation

Abstractedness [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.47

0.00

Doctor exhibit slightly lower abstractedness than population norm.

Agreeableness [100, 150, 154,155,156,157, 159, 162, 165, 166, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174, 177, 180, 184]

Big Five Inventory

1475

3.80

0.08

Doctors score 3.80 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

563

36.28

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

4068

3.67

0.33

Doctors score 3.67 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

70

7.30

 

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory Sten Score

50

8.30

1.50

Doctors exhibit average levels of agreeableness.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

872

34.43

2.72

Doctors score 34.43 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

5 point scale

32

3.87

0.50

Doctors score 3.87 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

984

128.06

25.66

Doctors exhibit above level when compared to population norm.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)

64

8.74

1.82

Information not available for interpretation

Apprehension [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

6.06

1.55

Doctors exhibit higher agreeableness than population norm.

BIS [182]

Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System (BIS/BAS)

801

19.90

3.20

Doctors score 19.9 out of 28

BAS Drive [182]

Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System (BIS/BAS)

801

12.20

2.10

Doctors score 12.20 out of 16, indicating a higher degree of drive.

BAS Fun Seeking [182]

Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System (BIS/BAS)

801

11.80

2.10

Doctors score 11.80 out of 16, where higher score = higher association to the personality trait.

BAS Reward Response [182]

Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System (BIS/BAS)

801

11.40

1.80

Doctors score 11.80 out of 16, where higher score = higher association to the personality trait.

Coherence [124, 211]

Sense of Coherence

553

5.05

0.05

Doctors score 5.05 out of 7, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Control [212, 229]

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

129

3.90

1.74

Doctors score 3.90 out of 9, where higher score = more association with personality trait

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R)

255

11.29

0.37

Information not available for interpretation

Conscientiousness [100, 147, 150, 155,156,157, 162, 165, 166, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174, 177, 180, 184]

Big Five Inventory

1572

4.08

0.27

Doctors score 4.08 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

563

38.63

3.95

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Sten Score

50

8.60

1.10

Doctors exhibit average levels of Conscientiousness.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

872

34.75

2.74

Doctors score 34.75 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

5 point scale

32

4.00

0.40

Doctors score 4.00 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

984

125.67

42.04

Doctors exhibit above level when compared to population norm.

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

4068

3.83

0.13

Doctors score 3.83 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

70

6.50

 

Information not available for interpretation

Cooperativeness [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

80.80

0.00

Doctors exhibit high cooperativeness, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

545

3.98

0.13

Doctors score 3.98 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Cynicism [176]

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

8.67

1.45

Information not available for interpretation

Dogmatism [161]

Rokeach Dogmatism Scale (D-20)

22

12.50

 

Doctors scored 12.50 out of 60, where high score = higher association with personality trait.

Dominance [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

6.00

0.00

Doctors exhibit higher dominance than population norm.

Emotional Stability [154, 155, 171]

Big Five Inventory

636

3.87

0.67

Doctors score 3.87 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.34

1.83

Doctor exhibit slightly lower emotional stability than population norm.

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

70

6.10

 

Information not available for interpretation

Expressive [211]

Personal Attribute Questionnaire

504

4.87

0.05

Doctors score 4.87 out of 6 expressiveness, suggesting they utilise socially desirable expressiveness and communal traits.

Extroversion [90, 100, 150, 152, 153, 155,156,157,158, 160, 162, 165, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174, 176, 177, 180, 184, 204, 212]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

50

9.70

0.70

Doctors exhibit high levels of extroversion.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

32

3.61

0.60

Doctors exhibit same extroversion levels as population norms.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

149

14.30

4.49

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Inventory

1475

3.47

0.80

Doctors score 3.47 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

563

25.95

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R)

255

12.20

0.31

Information not available for interpretation

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

1244

5.55

1.13

Doctors scored 5.55 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

872

31.41

5.08

Doctors score 31.41 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

984

118.35

20.30

NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

129

5.70

2.61

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

4068

3.43

0.13

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

70

5.70

 

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

16.85

3.54

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

9.50

 

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Feeling [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

10.22

1.70

Information not available for interpretation

Harm avoidance [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

54.31

0.00

Doctors exhibit average harm avoidance, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

545

2.71

0.00

Doctors score 2.71 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Inadequacy [176]

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

4.55

4.89

Information not available for interpretation

Intellectual Interest [176]

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

8.67

1.45

Information not available for interpretation

Introversion [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

11.47

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Intuition [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

10.14

1.43

Information not available for interpretation

Instrumentality [211]

Personal Attribute Questionnaire

504

4.15

0.05

Doctors score 4.15 out of 6 for instrumentality, suggesting they are independent and decisive.

Judgement [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

14.38

2.04

Information not available for interpretation

Liveliness [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

4.61

0.68

Doctor exhibit lower liveliness than population norm.

Masculinity/femininity [176]

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

29.54

3.36

Information not available for interpretation

Machiavelism [58]

MACH-IV Test of Machiavellianism

199

52.88

1.18

Doctors score 52.88 out of 100, where higher scores = higher Machiavellianism.

Narcissism [58, 185]

Narcissistic Personality Inventory

199

11.66

2.36

Doctors score 11.66 out of 40, where higher scores = higher narcissism.

Neuroticism [90, 100, 147, 150, 152, 153, 155,156,157,158, 162, 165,166,167,168,169,170, 172,173,174, 176,177,178, 180, 184, 212]

Big Five Inventory

936

2.37

0.32

Doctors exhibit lower levels of neuroticism.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

563

19.59

0.79

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Sten Score

50

8.40

1.20

Doctors exhibit average levels of neuroticism.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R)

255

8.83

0.00

Doctor exhibit lower level of neuroticism

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

1251

2.90

0.64

Doctors scored 2.90 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

872

24.73

8.60

Doctors score 24.73 out of 60, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

5 point scale

32

3.23

0.50

Doctors exhibit lower levels of neuroticism compared to population norms.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

984

64.89

8.78

Doctors exhibit lower levels when compared to population norm.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

333

3.34

4.52

Doctors exhibit lower levels of neuroticism.

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

129

3.10

2.03

Doctors score 3.10 out of 9, where higher score = more association with personality trait

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

4068

2.67

2.67

Doctors score 2.67 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Mini-International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP)

22

10.31

2.80

Doctors demonstrate lower levels of neuroticism.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

11.59

3.54

Information not available for interpretation

Novelty Seeking [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

52.38

1.00

Doctors exhibit average novelty seeking, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

550

2.66

0.05

Doctors score 2.66 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Openness [100, 150, 154,155,156,157, 162, 165, 166, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175, 177, 180, 184]

Big Five Inventory

1475

3.54

0.09

Doctors score 3.54 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

563

35.13

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Sten Score

50

8.70

1.10

Doctors exhibit average levels of openness.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

872

30.00

7.11

Doctors score 29.63 out of 60, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

5 point scale

32

4.11

0.60

Doctors exhibit higher openness than population norms.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

984

118.52

19.45

Doctors exhibit above level when compared to population norm.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.23

0.00

Doctor exhibit lower openness than population norm.

Five Factor Model of personality (FFM)

4068

3.32

0.13

Doctors score 3.32 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Mini-markers of the Big Five Factor Structure personality scale

70

6.80

 

Information not available for interpretation

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

15.52

2.77

Information not available for interpretation

Optimism [175]

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

13.85

3.40

Information not available for interpretation

Perfectionism [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.61

0.68

Doctors exhibit slightly higher perfectionism than population norm.

Persistence [1, 148, 149, 151, 163, 175]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

71.16

0.00

Doctors exhibit high persistence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

547

3.54

0.05

Doctors score 3.54 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

14.76

3.28

Information not available for interpretation

Perception [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

7.58

2.05

Information not available for interpretation

Psychotism [58, 90, 153, 158, 176]

Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale

199

44.08

1.21

Doctors score 44.08 out of 104, where higher scores = higher psychopathy.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

1076

2.86

0.64

Doctors scored 2.86 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R)

255

5.85

0.46

Information not available for interpretation

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

149

3.00

1.50

Doctors exhibit lower levels of psychoticism.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

440

3.88

2.67

Information not available for interpretation

Reasoning [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

6.63

0.10

Doctors exhibit higher reasoning than population norm.

Reward Dependence [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

67.58

2.89

Doctors exhibit high reward dependence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

549

3.46

0.00

Doctors score 3.46 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Resilience [175]

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

75.52

16.84

Information not available for interpretation

Risk Attitude / Readiness [143, 159]

Jackson Personality Inventory-revised

829

2.90

 

Doctors scored 2.90 out of 6, where higher scores = more risk prone.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)

64

−0.48

3.19

Information not available for interpretation

Rule-consciousness [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.40

0.00

Doctor exhibit slightly lower rule-consciousness than population norm.

Self-directedness [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

77.81

0.80

Doctors exhibit high self-directedness, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

543

3.79

0.04

Doctor score 3.79 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Self-reliance [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

7.10

0.00

Doctors exhibit higher self-reliance than population norm.

Self-transcendence [1, 148, 149, 151, 163]

Temperament and Character Inventory

907

41.28

0.45

Doctors exhibit average self-transcendence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory - mean score

550

2.64

0.00

Doctor score 2.64 out of 5, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Sensing [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

15.82

1.38

Information not available for interpretation

Sensitivity [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.67

0.00

Doctors exhibit higher sensitivity than population norm.

Shrewdness [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.67

0.38

Doctors exhibit higher shrewdness than population norm.

Social boldness [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

4.90

0.82

Doctor exhibit lower social boldness than population norm.

Tension [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

6.29

1.90

Doctors exhibit higher tension than population norm.

Thinking [160]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

98

13.75

1.66

Information not available for interpretation

Tolerance of Failure / Viewing Life as a challenge [175]

Resiliency Assessment Scale

655

14.82

3.33

Information not available for interpretation

Type D [175]

Type D Personality Scale (DS-14)

655

21.05

10.58

Information not available for interpretation

Vigilance [154, 159]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

5.34

0.75

Doctor exhibit lower vigilance than population norm.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)

64

16.31

2.05

Information not available for interpretation

Warmth [154]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Form C

231

4.90

0.00

Doctor exhibit lower warmth than population norm.

Nursing

Abstractedness [52, 106]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

12.13

0.04

Information not available for interpretation

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.41

0.12

Nurses personality trait of abstraction is slightly lower than the general population.

Abasement [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

12.89

5.25

Information not available for interpretation

Achievement [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

15.25

4.18

Information not available for interpretation

Achievement via conformance [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

31.00

3.66

Information not available for interpretation

Achievement via independence [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

22.67

3.24

Information not available for interpretation

Affiliation [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

15.10

3.56

Information not available for interpretation

Agreeableness [9, 53,54,55, 60, 61, 64, 70, 74, 75, 77,78,79,80, 82, 86, 96, 100, 102,103,104,105, 108, 112,113,114, 119, 123, 126, 127, 129,130,131,132, 136, 140]

Big Five Inventory

2977

3.96

1.45

Doctors score 3.96 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory

Sum Score

1695

34.55

4.14

Nurses scored 34.55 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory - Short Form

207

4.61

0.90

Nurses scored 4.61 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version

471

38.62

5.39

Nurses scored 38.62 out of 48, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

1215

39.34

9.52

Nurses score 9.34 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Original

99

51.06

6.46

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

Sten score

954

5.76

0.08

Nurses exhibit average levels of agreeableness.

NEO Personality Inventory

240 items

203

44.43

8.15

Nurses demonstrate a medium level of agreeableness.

Five-Factor Personality Inventory

237

3.15

0.41

Nurses score 3.15 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Five-Factor Inventory

1246

20.32

2.92

Nurses scored 20.32 out of 30, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

319

3.76

0.27

Nurses scored 3.76 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory

420

7.05

4.14

Information not available for interpretation

Ten-Item Personality Inventory - Japanese (TIPI-J)

211

4.78

0.96

Information not available for interpretation

Revised Short-Form Personality 5-Factor Model

138

14.44

2.62

Nurses scored 14.44 out of 21, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

International Personality Item Pool

41

4.36

0.57

Nurses score 4.36 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory - 3

72

125.90

17.50

Nurses exhibit higher levels of agreeableness than population norms.

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

2.93

0.00

Nurses scored 2.93 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10)

518

3.41

0.81

Nurses scored 3.41 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Personality Scale (BFPS)

176

35.88

4.88

Nurses demonstrate higher than average levels of agreeableness.

Anger Control [76, 138]

Trait Anger–Anger Expression Scales

370

22.86

4.27

Nurses score 22.86 out of 32, where higher score indicate a greater control of anger.

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

10.78

3.80

Information not available for interpretation

Anger-In [76]

Trait Anger–Anger Expression Scales

370

16.24

3.48

Nurses score 16.24 out of 32, where higher score indicate a greater suppression of anger.

Anger-Out [76]

Trait Anger–Anger Expression Scales

370

15.38

3.13

Nurses score 15.38 out of 32, where higher score indicate an easy expression of anger.

Anxiety [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

140

5.55

0.56

Nurses personality trait of anxiety is the same as the general population.

Apprehension [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

6.25

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of abstraction is slightly lower than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

9.58

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Assertiveness [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

6.14

1.11

Nurses personality trait of assertiveness is higher than the general population.

Autonomy [76, 117, 138]

Sociotropy– autonomy Scale

392

75.16

2.05

Nurses score 75.16 out of 120, where higher score indicates high level of autonomy.

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

11.85

4.17

Information not available for interpretation

Boldness [52]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.31

0.00

Nurses personality trait of boldness is slightly lower than the general population.

Capacity for status [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

22.36

2.72

Information not available for interpretation

Communality [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

25.69

2.21

Information not available for interpretation

Compassionate [88]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

882

3.55

0.56

Nurses scored 3.55 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Conscientiousness [9, 53,54,55, 60, 61, 64, 70, 74, 75, 77,78,79,80, 82, 86, 96, 100, 102,103,104,105, 112,113,114, 119, 123, 127, 129,130,131,132, 136, 140, 213]

Big Five Inventory

2977

3.94

1.46

Doctors score 3.94out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory

Sum Score

1695

36.93

3.62

Nurses scored 36.93 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory - Short Form

522

3.85

0.00

Nurses scored 3.85 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version

471

37.93

6.50

Nurses scored 37.93 out of 48, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

1597

40.56

9.14

Nurses score 40.56 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Original

99

49.22

8.60

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

Sten score

954

6.40

0.00

Nurses exhibit average levels of Conscientiousness.

NEO Personality Inventory

240 items

203

44.25

 

Nurses demonstrate a medium level of conscientiousness.

Five-Factor Personality Inventory

237

3.31

0.45

Nurses score 3.31 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.53

0.39

Nurses personality trait of conscientiousness is the same as the general population.

Five-Factor Inventory

1246

20.25

2.40

Nurses scored 20.52 out of 30, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

319

3.75

0.34

Nurses scored 3.75 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory

420

9.26

4.98

Information not available for interpretation

Ten-Item Personality Inventory - Japanese (TIPI-J)

211

3.74

0.99

Information not available for interpretation

Revised Short-Form Personality 5-Factor Model

138

20.92

3.92

Nurses scored 20.92 out of 28, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

International Personality Item Pool

41

4.10

0.55

Doctors scores 4.10 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

3.67

0.00

Nurses scored 3.67 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10)

518

4.08

0.77

Nurses scored 4.08 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Control [50, 212]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.81

0.00

Nurses personality trait of control is higher than the general population.

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

16

2.90

2.25

Nurses score 2.9 out of 9, where higher score = more association with personality trait

Conformity [115]

PROSCAN

76

4.67

1.13

Nurses scored 4.67 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Cooperativeness [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

80.13

0.00

Nurses exhibit High cooperativeness, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

32.40

4.50

Information not available for interpretation

Change [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

16.62

4.63

Information not available for interpretation

Dominance [52, 57, 106, 115, 138]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.74

1.24

Nurses personality trait of dominance is higher than the general population.

California Psychological Inventory

36

31.52

4.58

Information not available for interpretation

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

10.28

1.52

Information not available for interpretation

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

12.65

4.71

Information not available for interpretation

PROSCAN

76

3.51

1.40

Nurses scored 3.51out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Deference [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

13.41

3.33

Information not available for interpretation

Easy Going [88]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

882

3.92

0.55

Nurses scored 3.92 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Ego strength [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.48

0.15

Nurses personality trait of ego strength is the same than the general population.

Emotional Stability [9, 60, 61, 82, 86, 103, 104, 106]

Five-Factor Personality Inventory

237

2.96

0.51

Nurses score 2.96 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Five-Factor Inventory

1246

18.60

4.53

Nurses scored 18.60 out of 30, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

173

3.37

0.67

Nurses scored 3.37 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory

420

7.46

4.65

Information not available for interpretation

International Personality Item Pool

41

3.35

0.65

Nurses scored 3.35 out of 5 where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

9.75

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

2.89

0.19

Nurses scored 2.89 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Endurance [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

15.97

4.59

Information not available for interpretation

Expressive [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.60

0.00

Nurses personality trait of ego expressive is the same than the general population.

Extroversion [9, 53,54,55, 60,61,62, 64, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77,78,79,80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 93, 96, 100, 102,103,104,105, 108, 109, 112,113,114,115, 119, 123, 126, 127, 129,130,131,132, 136, 140, 142, 212, 213]

Five-Factor Inventory

1246

18.95

2.44

Nurses scored 18.95 out of 30, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

319

3.26

0.39

Nurses scored 3.26 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory

420

5.72

2.87

Information not available for interpretation

Ten-Item Personality Inventory - Japanese (TIPI-J)

211

4.42

1.38

Information not available for interpretation

Revised Short-Form Personality 5-Factor Model

138

14.54

2.86

Nurses scored 14.54 out of 21, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory - 3

72

121.80

19.90

Nurses demonstrate higher than population norm, indicating friendly individuals who engage with conversation easily.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

320

14.65

3.72

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Inventory

2977

3.33

0.74

Doctors score 3.33 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory

Subscale Sum Score

1695

28.73

7.14

Nurses scored 28.73 out 40, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory - Short Form

522

4.75

0.00

Nurses scored 4.75 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version

471

29.93

6.44

Nurses scored 29.93 out of 48, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

1938

38.32

6.33

Nurses score 38.32 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Original

99

115.97

20.62

Extroversion is the highest personality trait of five factor model demonstrated by nurses.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

Sten score

954

5.84

0.13

Nurses exhibit average levels of extraversion

NEO Personality Inventory

240 items

203

44.70

6.96

Nurses demonstrate a medium level of extraversion.

Five-Factor Personality Inventory

237

3.18

0.46

Nurses score 3.18 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

16F Personality Indicator

140

6.20

0.60

Nurses personality trait of extroversion is higher than the general population.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

823

5.64

0.19

Nurses scored 5.64 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised

96

14.32

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

3.46

0.04

Nurses scored 3.46 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10)

518

3.49

1.00

Nurses scored 3.49 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

16

6.10

2.53

Doctors score 2.53 out of 9, where higher score = more association with personality trait

Big Five Personality Scale (BFPS)

176

28.64

5.02

Nurses exhibit lower than average extraversion.

International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)

311

3.54

0.76

Nurses scored 3.54out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Personality-trait questionnaire

20

16.55

2.37

Nurses scored 16.55 out of 20, where higher scores = higher association

PROSCAN

76

3.95

1.44

Nurses scored 3.95 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Extroversion/Introversion [50]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

71

104.51

0.00

Nurses demonstrate slightly more introversion than extroversion.

Exhibition [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

12.14

3.78

Information not available for interpretation

Femininity [57, 65]

California Psychological Inventory

70

18.82

6.48

Information not available for interpretation

Flexibility [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

11.14

3.57

Information not available for interpretation

Forthrightness [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

4.18

0.85

Nurses personality trait of forthrightness is lower than the general population.

Friendliness [62, 107]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

338

45.16

0.54

Nurses score 45.16 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Friendliness [62]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

96

45.81

5.90

Nurses score 45.81 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Good Impression [57, 65]

California Psychological Inventory

70

19.64

1.81

Information not available for interpretation

Hardiness [53, 63, 83, 97, 101, 122, 128, 133, 134, 139]

Hardiness of Personality Inventory

287

77.10

7.80

Nurses scored 77.10 out of 100, where higher scores = higher hardiness.

Hardiness Test

80

72.00

0.00

Nurses scored 72. 00 out of 100, where higher scores = higher hardiness and is a negative predictor of burnout.

Hardiness Scale

253

74.31

16.89

Nurses scores 74.31 out of 100, where higher scores = higher hardiness and is linked to lower stress and emotional exhaustion.

The Short Hardiness Inventory

192

33.85

8.50

Nurses scored 33.85 out of 45, where higher scores = higher hardiness.

Third Generation Personal Views (Hardiness) questionnaire

62

75.92

2.08

Information not available for interpretation

Abridged Hardiness Scale

107

0.00

2.17

Information not available for interpretation

Dispositional Resilience (hardiness) Scale-Revised (DRS15R)

3607

31.55

0.04

Information not available for interpretation

Harm Avoidance [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

54.24

0.00

Nurses exhibit average harm avoidance, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

15.30

6.20

Information not available for interpretation

Heterosexuality [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

12.77

6.35

Information not available for interpretation

Honesty/Humility [104]

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

3.84

0.22

Nurses scored 3.84 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Imagination [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.23

0.64

Nurses personality trait of imagination is lower than the general population.

Independence [50, 52]

16F Personality Indicator

140

5.17

0.82

Nurses personality trait of independence is lower than the general population.

California Psychological Inventory

34

18.51

0.47

Information not available for interpretation

Intelligence [50, 57, 65]

California Psychological Inventory

70

37.61

8.78

Information not available for interpretation

16F Personality Indicator

71

6.82

0.26

Nurses personality trait of intelligence is higher than the general population.

Intraception [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

16.42

4.10

Information not available for interpretation

Judgement/Perception [50]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

71

95.27

6.36

Nurses exhibit more judgement than perception but is similar to population norms.

Lie [72, 84, 142]

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

116

6.80

2.00

Nurses scored 6.80 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised

96

12.20

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Personality-trait questionnaire

23

14..38

1.66

Nurses scored 14.38 out of 23, where higher scores = higher association

Liveliness [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.10

0.00

Nurses personality trait of liveliness is lower than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

10.87

0.33

Information not available for interpretation

Logic [115]

PROSCAN

76

3.66

1.14

Nurses scored 3.66 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Machiavelism [58]

MACH-IV Test of Machiavellianism

49

53.50

8.36

Nurses scored 53.50 out of 100, where higher scores = higher levels of Machiavellianism.

Narcissism [58]

Narcissistic Personality Inventory

49

11.10

5.57

Nurses score 11.10 out of 40, where higher scores = higher narcissism.

Neuroticism [9, 49, 53,54,55, 60,61,62, 64, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77,78,79,80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 93, 96, 100, 102,103,104,105, 107, 108, 112,113,114, 119, 123, 125,126,127, 129,130,131,132, 135, 136, 140, 142, 212]

Big Five Inventory

3243

2.66

0.15

Doctors score 2.66out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory

Subscale Sum Score

1956

21.80

4.02

Nurses scored 21.93 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory - Short Form

207

4.51

1.29

Nurses scored 4.51 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version

471

25.32

8.71

Nurses scored 25.32 out of 48, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Sten score

1058

4.50

0.36

Nurses exhibit low levels of neuroticism.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

1574

25.10

3.75

Nurses score 25.10 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Original

99

77.61

20.62

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Personality Inventory

240 items

203

30.30

12.12

Nurses demonstrate a lower level of neuroticism.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

823

7.62

1.26

Nurses scored 7.62 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised

96

14.69

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

146

2.30

0.60

Nurses scored 2.30 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Revised Short-Form Personality 5-Factor Model

138

17.25

2.82

Nurses scored 17.25 out of 28, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10)

518

2.73

0.94

Nurses scored 2.73 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

320

14.30

4.49

Information not available for interpretation

Basic Character Inventory (BCI)

16

2.80

1.88

Doctors score 2.80 out of 9, where higher score = more association with personality trait

Big Five Personality Scale (BFPS)

176

25.57

4.16

Nurses demonstrate lower than average levels of neuroticism.

Neuroticism Scale

139

18.34

5.80

Information not available for interpretation

Ten-Item Personality Inventory - Japanese (TIPI-J)

211

2.45

1.19

Information not available for interpretation

Personality-trait questionnaire

23

17.40

3.51

Nurses scored 17.40 out of 23, where higher scores = higher association

Nurturance [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

16.65

4.31

Information not available for interpretation

Novelty Seeking [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

54.48

0.24

Nurses exhibit average novelty seeking, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

18.10

4.40

Information not available for interpretation

Openness [9, 53,54,55, 59,60,61,62, 64, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77,78,79,80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 93, 96, 100, 102,103,104,105, 107, 108, 112,113,114, 119, 123, 126, 127, 129,130,131,132, 136, 140]

Big Five Inventory

3398

4.57

1.52

Doctors score 4.57 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory

Subscale Sum Score

1695

33.67

1.92

Nurses scored 33.67 out 50, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Inventory - Short Form

522

4.81

0.00

Nurses scored 4.81 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version

471

33.03

7.33

Nurses scored 33.03 out of 48, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

1949

33.67

8.68

Nurses score 33.67 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Original

99

115.70

16.25

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

Sten score

954

5.52

0.00

Nurses exhibit average levels of openess.

NEO Personality Inventory

240 items

203

24.00

8.72

Nurses demonstrate a lower level of openness.

Five-Factor Personality Inventory

237

3.31

0.52

Nurses scored 3.31 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.62

0.22

Nurses personality trait of Openness is higher than the general population.

Five-Factor Inventory

1246

18.71

2.35

Nurses scored 18.71 out of 30, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory Revised

319

3.38

0.48

Nurses scored 3.76 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Ten-Item Personality Inventory

420

6.96

3.73

Information not available for interpretation

Ten-Item Personality Inventory - Japanese (TIPI-J)

211

3.79

1.06

Information not available for interpretation

Revised Short-Form Personality 5-Factor Model

138

17.46

3.44

Nurses scored 17.46 out of 28, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

International Personality Item Pool

41

3.63

0.50

Nurses scored 3.63 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO Personality Inventory - 3

72

119.90

19.20

Nurses demonstrate higher openness than population norm (107.7).

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

11.52

0.25

Information not available for interpretation

HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

138

3.37

0.06

Nurses scored 3.37 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10)

518

3.53

0.98

Nurses scored 3.53 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Big Five Personality Scale (BFPS)

176

36.20

5.47

Nurses demonstrate higher than average openness.

Orderly [88, 138]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

882

4.03

0.47

Nurses scored 4.03 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

13.63

5.02

Information not available for interpretation

Pace [115]

PROSCAN

76

4.86

1.15

Nurses scored 4.86 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Perfectionism [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.16

0.35

Nurses’ personality trait of perfectionism is lower than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

12.93

0.67

Information not available for interpretation

Persistence [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

70.98

0.00

Nurses exhibit high persistence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

5.70

1.80

Information not available for interpretation

Poise [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

6.02

0.23

Nurses’ personality trait of poise is higher than the general population.

Privateness [52]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.90

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of privateness is higher than the general population.

Process [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.69

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of process is higher than the general population.

Proactive [110, 118, 121, 214]

Proactive Coping Scale

314

56.76

7.74

Information not available for interpretation

Proactive Personality Scale (PPS)

1620

4.50

0.76

Information not available for interpretation

Psychotism [57, 58, 72, 84, 90, 142]

California Psychological Inventory

36

16.56

2.24

Information not available for interpretation

Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale

49

47.30

8.70

Nurses scored 47.30 out of 104, where higher score = higher level psychopathy.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Scale

116

6.40

1.40

Nurses scored 6.40 out of 12, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised

96

10.19

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

320

3.35

2.23

Information not available for interpretation

Personality-trait questionnaire

25

21.41

0.86

Nurses scored 21.41 out of 25, where higher scores = higher association

Radicalism [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.71

0.76

Nurses’ personality trait of radicalism is higher than the general population.

Reasoning [52]

16F Personality Indicator

69

6.10

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of privateness is higher than the general population.

Reasoning [106]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

1.96

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Receptive [88]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

882

3.95

0.48

Nurses scored 3.95 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Resilience [81]

Resilience Scale for Adults

140

134.00

71.81

Nurses demonstrate high resilience protective factors.

Responsibility [62, 107, 108]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory

5 point scale

338

47.02

6.10

Nurses scored 47.02 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

California Psychological Inventory

36

31.92

4.28

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Personality Scale (BFPS)

176

35.25

5.39

Nurses demonstrate higher than average responsibility.

Reward Dependence [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

69.69

0.00

Nurses exhibit high reward dependence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

15.20

3.20

Information not available for interpretation

Rule-consciousness [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.48

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of rule-consciousness is the same as the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

8.85

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Self-acceptance [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

23.14

3.34

Information not available for interpretation

Self-control [52, 57]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.97

0.40

Nurses’ personality trait of self-control is lower than the general population.

California Psychological Inventory

36

33.06

6.03

Information not available for interpretation

Self-directedness [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

74.96

0.00

Nurses exhibit high self-directedness, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

33.50

6.00

Information not available for interpretation

Self-reliance [50, 52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

6.25

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of self-reliance is higher than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

12.07

0.45

Information not available for interpretation

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.73

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of self-sufficiency is higher than the general population.

Self-transcendence [1, 66, 141]

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R 140)

411

47.02

0.00

Nurses exhibit average self-transcendence, when compared to population norms.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-240)

287

17.90

5.40

Information not available for interpretation

Sense of well-being [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

38.36

3.22

Information not available for interpretation

Sensing/Intuition [50]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

71

92.09

11.79

Nurses’ exhibit more sensing than intuition.

Sensitivity [50, 52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

140

6.22

0.45

Nurses’ personality trait of sensitivity is higher than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

11.02

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Shrewdness [106]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

9.02

1.08

Information not available for interpretation

Sociability [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

27.58

3.97

Information not available for interpretation

Social boldness [106]

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

11.01

0.49

Information not available for interpretation

Social pressure [57] B [65]

California Psychological Inventory

70

29.71

8.94

Information not available for interpretation

Socialisation [57]

California Psychological Inventory

36

37.75

4.86

Information not available for interpretation

Sociotrophy [76, 117]

Sociotropy– autonomy Scale

392

66.12

7.01

Nurses scored 66.12out of 120, where higher score = higher sociotrophy.

Stability [52]

16F Personality Indicator

69

4.94

0.19

Nurses’ personality trait of stability is lower than the general population.

Succourance [138]

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

445

13.20

4.19

Information not available for interpretation

Suspiciousness [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.80

0.00

Nurses’ personality trait of Suspiciousness is higher than the general population.

Tension [50, 52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

140

6.20

0.17

Nurses’ personality trait of tension is higher than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

10.31

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Thinking/Feeling [50]

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

71

117.45

0.00

Nurses exhibit higher feelings preference than thinking.

Tolerance [57, 65]

California Psychological Inventory

70

22.67

4.45

Information not available for interpretation

Tough-mindedness [52]

16F Personality Indicator

69

6.36

0.17

Nurses’ personality trait of tough-mindedness is higher than the general population.

Trait Anger [76]

Trait Anger–Anger Expression Scales

370

20.58

4.46

Nurses scored 20.58 out of 40, where higher scores = higher levels of anger.

Venturesomeness [50]

16F Personality Indicator

71

5.61

0.21

Nurses’ personality trait of venturesomeness is higher than the general population.

Vigilance [52, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

69

5.55

0.00

Nurses personality trait of vigilance is lower than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

9.31

1.33

Information not available for interpretation

Warmth [50, 106]

16F Personality Indicator

140

5.45

0.57

Nurses’ personality trait of warmth is slightly lower than the general population.

Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor

159

10.07

0.00

Information not available for interpretation

Well-being [65]

California Psychological Inventory

34

31.02

1.90

Information not available for interpretation

Work orientation [65]

California Psychological Inventory

34

28.01

0.51

Information not available for interpretation

Type D Scale-14

450

1.29

0.45

Higher levels of Type D, which is a risk factor for negative psychophysical health

Core Self-Evaluations Scale mean

142

3.50

0.52

Nurses scored 3.50 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Core Self-Evaluations Scale sum

584

40.50

5.30

Information not available for interpretation

Proactive [85]

Proactive Personality Scale

464

5.02

0.78

Information not available for interpretation

Global Score [68, 120, 215]

Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) - sum

1131

42.26

6.79

Nurses score 42.26 out of 65, where higher scores indicated higher association to personality traits.

Allied Health

Cooperativeness [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

83.38

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit very high cooperativeness, when compared to population norms.

Harm avoidance [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

54.20

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit average harm avoidance, when compared to population norms.

Novelty Seeking [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

55.53

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit high novelty seeking, when compared to population norms.

Persistence [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

72.38

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit very high persistence, when compared to population norms.

Reward Dependence [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

71.87

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit very high reward dependence, when compared to population norms.

Self-directedness [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

77.39

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit very high self-directedness, when compared to population norms.

Self-transcendence [187, 188]

Temperament and Character Inventory

1123

44.98

0.00

Allied Health clinicians exhibit low self-transcendence, when compared to population norms.

Dentistry

Agreeableness [201]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

1298

42.10

5.90

Dentists score 42.10 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Ambition [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

45.47

8.27

Scores differ to population norms.

Assertiveness [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

49.79

9.48

Scores similar to population norms.

Charming [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

49.79

9.48

Scores similar to population norms.

Conscientiousness [201, 203]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

1298

45.90

6.00

Dentists score 45.90 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

58.84

7.76

Scores similar to population norms.

Critical [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

49.05

8.61

Scores similar to population norms.

Extraversion [201, 202]

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

77

12.22

 

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

1298

40.20

7.30

Dentists score 40.20 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Extrinsic importance [197]

The Aspiration Index

594

3.27

1.14

Dentists scored 3.27 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association.

Extrinsic likelihood [197]

The Aspiration Index

594

3.13

1.01

Dentists scored 3.13 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association.

Intrinsic importance [197]

The Aspiration Index

594

5.74

0.78

Dentists scored5.74 out of 7, where higher scores = higher association.

Intrinsic likelihood [197]

The Aspiration Index

594

4.90

0.96

Dentist scored 4.90 out of 7, where higher score = higher association.

Intuition [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

53.09

10.54

Scores differ to population norms.

Loyal [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

47.51

8.77

Scores differ to population norms.

Neuroticism [201, 202]

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

77

7.82

 

Information not available for interpretation

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

1298

33.80

9.20

Dentists score 33.80 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Openness [201]

NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

5 point scale

1298

40.10

7.30

Dentists score 42.10 out of 60, where higher score = higher association to personality trait.

Optimism [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

53.60

9.08

Scores differ to population norms.

Passive [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

48.85

8.25

Scores differ to population norms.

Reserved [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

45.47

10.50

Scores differ to population norms.

Self-critical [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

50.23

9.33

Scores similar to population norms.

Spontaneous [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

46.44

7.31

Scores differ to population norms.

Unselfish [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

52.39

10.23

Scores differ to population norms.

Wilful [203]

Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)

580

44.72

9.79

Scores differ to population norms.

Dietetics

Cooperativeness [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

80.79

2.01

Dietitians exhibit high cooperativeness, when compared to population norms.

Harm avoidance [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

56.85

9.78

Dietitians exhibit high harm avoidance, when compared to population norms.

Novelty Seeking [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

54.11

2.47

Dietitians exhibit average novelty seeking, when compared to population norms.

Persistence [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

73.53

5.03

Dietitians exhibit high persistence, when compared to population norms.

Reward Dependence [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

70.61

2.62

Dietitians exhibit high reward dependence, when compared to population norms.

Self-directedness [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

74.30

6.96

Dietitians exhibit high self-directedness, when compared to population norms.

Self-transcendence [10, 28]

Temperament and Character Inventory

667

42.37

3.43

Dietitians exhibit low self-transcendence, when compared to population norms.

Nursing Assistants

Adjustment [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

22.66

6.97

Nursing assistants scored, 22.66 out of 37, where higher score = higher association.

Ambition [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

20.58

5.28

Nursing assistants scored, 20.58 out of 29, where higher score = higher association.

Intellectance [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

11.96

4.52

Nursing assistants scored, 11.96 out of 25, where higher score = higher association.

Likeability [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

18.63

3.07

Nursing assistants scored, 18.63 out of 22, where higher score = higher association.

Prudence [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

19.94

4.83

Nursing assistants scored, 19.94 out of 31, where higher score = higher association.

School success [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

7.77

3.14

Nursing assistants scored, 7.77 out of 14, where higher score = higher association.

Sociability [209]

Hogan Personality Inventory

177

11.33

4.76

Nursing assistants scored, 11.33 out of 24, where higher score = higher association.

Paramedical

Agreeableness [207, 208]

NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form

252

26.60

4.70

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

395

33.47

4.40

Paramedics scored 33.47 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Conscientiousness [207, 208]

NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form

252

29.10

5.20

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

395

34.77

4.67

Paramedics scored 34.77 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Depressivity [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

4.86

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate depressivity.

Emotional liability [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

5.43

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate emotional liability.

Extroversion/Introversion [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

6.44

0.70

Paramedics exhibit intermediate association to extroversion-introversion.

Extroversion [207, 208]

NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form (NEO-FFI-SF)

252

26.50

5.00

Information not available for interpretation

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

395

29.06

5.20

Paramedics scored 29.06 out 40, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Irritability [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

5.73

0.23

Paramedics exhibit intermediate irritability.

Masculinity/femininity [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

6.60

0.56

Paramedics exhibit intermediate association to masculity-feminity.

Mental balance [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

6.09

0.73

Paramedics exhibit intermediate mental balance.

Neuroticism [206,207,208]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

5.59

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate neuroticism.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

395

21.87

3.11

Paramedics scored 21.87 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form

252

20.60

5.10

Information not available for interpretation

Openness [206,207,208]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

6.09

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate openness.

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

395

34.65

5.51

Paramedics scored 34.65 out 50, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form

252

22.70

3.70

Information not available for interpretation

Reactive aggressivity [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

5.97

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate reactive aggressivity.

Shyness [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

6.37

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate shyness.

Sociability [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

4.11

0.00

Paramedics exhibit intermediate sociability.

Spontaneous aggressivity [206]

Freiburg Personality Inventory

97

4.84

0.63

Paramedics exhibit intermediate spontaneous aggressivity.

Pharmacy

Agreeableness [192]

Big Five Inventory

23

4.21

0.46

Doctors scored 4.21 out of 5, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Ascendency [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

20.99

5.90

Pharmacists score 20.99 out of 36, where higher score = higher association.

Cautiousness [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

26.46

5.40

Pharmacists scored 26.46 out of 40, where higher score = higher association.

Conscientiousness [192]

Big Five Inventory

23

4.01

0.71

Pharmacists scored 4.01 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Emotional stability [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

22.42

6.30

Pharmacists scored 22.42 out of 36, where higher score = higher association.

Extroversion [192]

Big Five Inventory

23

3.56

0.92

Pharmacists scored 3.56 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Neuroticism [192]

Big Five Inventory

23

2.51

0.76

Pharmacists scored 2.51 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Openness [192]

Big Five Inventory

23

3.67

0.65

Pharmacists scored 3.67 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Original thinking [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

24.87

5.40

Pharmacists scored 24.87 out of 40, where higher score = higher association.

Personal relations [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

22.55

5.70

Pharmacists scored 22.55 out of 40, where higher score = higher association.

Responsibility [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

27.43

4.50

Pharmacists scored 27.43 out of 36, where higher score = higher association.

Self-esteem [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

91.94

15.20

Pharmacists scored 91.94 out of 180, where higher score = higher association.

Sociability [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

21.09

6.30

Pharmacists scored 21.90 out of 36, where higher score = higher association.

Vigour [189]

Gordon Personal Profile Index

275

26.90

5.80

Pharmacists scored 26.90 out of 40, where higher score = higher association.

Physiotherapy

Agreeableness [186, 193]

Big Five Inventory

85

3.75

0.03

Physiotherapists scored 3.75 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Conscientiousness [186, 193]

Big Five Inventory

85

3.69

0.00

Physiotherapists scored 3.69 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Extroversion [186, 193]

Big Five Inventory

85

3.49

0.00

Physiotherapists scored 3.49 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Neuroticism [186, 193]

Big Five Inventory

85

2.38

0.00

Physiotherapists scored 2.38 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Openness [186, 193]

Big Five Inventory

85

3.42

0.00

Physiotherapists scored 3.42 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Pathologist

Agreeableness [210]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

37

3.97

1.09

Pathologists scored 3.97 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Conscientiousness [210]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

37

3.88

0.65

Pathologists scored 3.88 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Extroversion [210]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

37

3.98

0.73

Pathologists scored 3.98 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Neuroticism [210]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

37

2.38

0.76

Pathologists scored 2.38 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Openness [210]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

37

3.77

0.59

Pathologists scored 3.77 out of 5, where higher score = higher association with personality trait.

Radiologist

Global Score [196]

The Personal Views Survey II

95

89.90

11.90

Radiologist scores 89.9 out of 150, where higher score = higher hardiness

Social Workers

Neuroticism [178]

Mini-International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP)

8

11.55

2.16

Social workers demonstrated a lower level of neuroticism

Unidentified Health Professionals

Extroversion [204]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

65

31.12

5.07

Health Professionals scored 31.12 out 40, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Agreeableness [204]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

65

37.42

5.46

Health Professionals scored 37.42 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Conscientiousness [204]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

65

37.10

5.48

Health Professionals scored 37.10 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.

Neuroticism [204]

Big Five Inventory (BFI)

Subscale Sum Score

65

19.30

6.35

Health Professionals scored 19.30 out 45, where higher scores = higher association with personality trait.