The effect of research on the perceived quality of teaching: a cross-sectional study among university students in Lebanon

Table 6 Multivariable linear regression taking the difference between the student evaluation of teaching short form (highest vs lowest) as the dependent variable

	Unstandardized Beta	Standardized Beta	p-value	Confidence interval
	Unstandardized Beta	Standardized Beta	p-value	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Gender (Female vs. Male^*)	0.74	0.04	0.34	-0.79	2.26
Marital status (Married vs. single^*)	-4.28	-0.11	0.03	-8.08	-0.47
Highest level of education (Undergraduate vs. graduate^*)	-3.00	-0.17	< 0.001	-4.89	-1.12
Major of the study (Health, medicine and science vs. other^*)	1.23	0.08	0.10	-0.24	2.70
Checking instructor if they are conducting any research activities (Yes vs. No^*)	-1.61	-0.10	0.04	-3.12	-0.11
Academic year (Second vs first^*)	0.36	0.02	0.67	-1.30	2.02
Academic year (Third vs. first^*)	2.96	0.12	0.01	0.68	5.25
Academic year (Four and above vs. first^*)	3.96	0.13	0.01	1.04	6.89
Academic year (Graduate students vs. first^*)	3.22	0.11	0.04	0.07	6.37
Knowledge about research	0.89	0.19	< 0.001	0.45	1.32

Variables entered: gender, marital status, the highest level of education, major of the study, checking if the instructor is involved in any research activity, academic year, and knowledge about research
^*Reference group

ISSN: 1472-6920