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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Digital learning designs in occupational therapy education: a scoping review

Author year

Study design

Participants

Learning design, Subject, Context

Barillas 2019 [25]

Quasi-experimental

MOT program,

1st year students (n = 35)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: human anatomy

Clinical skills: basic science knowledge

Context: on campus

Howard 2019 [26]

Mixed

OTD and MOT program,

1st year students (n = 74)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: OT theory, FOR

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Simons et al.2002 [27]

Mixed

MOT program,

1st year students (n = 19) &

Teacher education graduate school students (n = 31)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject

OT course: OT theories, principles

Teacher education course: reading in the content areas

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Grant 2019 [28]

Mixed

OT undergraduate,

2nd year students (n = 42)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: exploring the adaptive equipment and developing skills to use

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Lin et al. 2021 [29]

Mixed

OT undergraduate,

3rd year students (n = 42)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: psychosocial dysfunction

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Power et al. 2020 [30]

RCT

OT undergraduate,

1st year students (n = 30)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: SCA-based CPT

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Carbonaro et al. 2008 [31]

Mixed

Health science

undergraduate program

students: medicine, nursing, pharmacy, OT, PT, dentistry, dental hygiene, medical laboratory science, and nutrition (n = 49)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: interprofessional team process skills

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge

Context: on campus

Martín-Valero et al. 2021 [32]

Quasi-experimental

OT and PT undergraduate,

2nd–4th year students

(n = 138)

Learning design: MOOC

Subject: support products, ergonomics and autonomy, personal autonomy in mental health, psychopathology in mental health, activity analysis, pain and hospitalization

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Henderson et al. 2020 [33]

Mixed

MOT program,

2nd year students (n = 43)

Learning design: Flipped classroom

Subject: adult practice

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Jedlicka et al. 2002 [34]

Mixed

OT undergraduate (n = 22)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: mental health programming

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Thomas et al. 2005 [35]

Qualitative

OT undergraduate,

1st year students (n = 42)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: OT fieldwork education

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on fieldwork placement

Myers et al. 2015 [36]

Qualitative

MOT, MSLP program,

2nd year students &

DPT program,

3rd year students

(n = unspecified)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: interprofessional skills on early childhood practice and school-based practice

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on clinical setting

Kim et al. 2022 [37] Mixed

Mixed

Occupational therapist

(n = 43)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: DLW framework

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on clinical setting

Barnard-Ashton et al. 2017 [38]

Qualitative

OT undergraduate (n = 1000) & lecturers (n = 9)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: PBL scenarios on OT undergraduate program

Clinical skills: procedural knowledge, professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Murphy et al. 2018 [39]

Quasi-experimental

Integrated BS/MOT

2nd year students (n = 61)

Learning design: Blended learning

Subject: case-based professional reasoning

Clinical skills: professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Gee et al. 2017 [40]

Descriptive

MOT program,

1st year students (n = 12)

Learning design: E-learning course

Subject: sensory processing

Clinical skills: professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Mitchell et al.2009 [41]

Descriptive

MOT program,

1st-year students (n = 21)

Learning design: E-learning course

Subject: case application of the OPPM

Clinical skills: professional reasoning

Context: on campus

Feldhacker et al. 2022 [42]

Mixed

OTD program,

2nd year students (n = 116)

Learning design: Hybrid learning

Subject: all OTD courses

Clinical skills: unspecified

Context: on campus

Banning et al. 2021 [43]

Analytical

OTD program,

graduate (n = 168)

Learning design: Hybrid learning

Subject: all OTD courses

Clinical skills: unspecified

Context: on campus

Lewis-Kipkulei et al. 2021 [44]

Qualitative

OTD program &

SPED undergraduate students (n = 13)

Learning design: Flipped classroom

Subject: some courses

Clinical skills: unspecified

Context: on campus

Benaroya et al. 2021 [45]

Descriptive

OTA students

(n = 20)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: 9 OTA courses (e.g. history of OT, mental health and wellness, pediatrics)

Clinical skills: unspecified

Context: on campus

Provident et al. 2015 [46]

Qualitative

OTD program,

graduates (n = 113)

Learning design: E- learning

Subject: all OTD courses

Clinical skills: unspecified

Context: on campus

  1. RCT randomized controlled trial, MOT Master of Occupational Therapy, OPPM occupational performance process model, OTD Occupational Therapy Doctorate, BS bachelor’s degree, MOOC massive open online courses, OT occupational therapy, PT physical therapy, MSLP Master of Speech and Language Pathology, DPT Doctor of Physical Therapy, FOR frames of reference, SCA supported conversation for adults with aphasia, CPT communication partner training, OTA Occupational Therapy Assistant, SPED special education, PBL problem-based learning, DLW do-live-well