Table 3 Medical students’ knowledge about antibiotic resistance and use before and after the course (Mean ± SD)

How much do the following terms look familiar to you:

MRSA

2.48 ± 0.73

2.96 ± 0.19

0.000

VRSA

2.18 ± 0.84

2.60 ± 0.70

0.010

ESBL

1.48 ± 0.76

1.96 ± 0.72

0.001*

MDR bacteria

2.58 ± 0.67

2.86 ± 0.40

0.001

XDR bacteria

1.78 ± 0.88

2.18 ± 0.71

0.013*

Pan drug resistance

1.90 ± 0.86

2.50 ± 0.73

0.001*

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem

2.64 ± 0.77

2.84 ± 0.54

0.096

Antibiotic resistance is a nationwide public health problem

1.32 ± 0.74

1.32 ± 0.74

1.000*

Antibiotic resistance is an important and serious problem in local hospitals

1.64 ± 0.94

1.68 ± 0.95

0.796*

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that can be easily controlled

1.24 ± 0.65

1.16 ± 0.54

0.414*

Antibiotic resistance is an overrated problem with no serious impact

1.12 ± 0.47

1.08 ± 0.39

0.655*

Antibiotic use in self-limiting infections contributes to antibiotic resistance

2.56 ± 0.67

2.58 ± 0.70

0.875

Antibiotics for a duration shorter than that indicated contribute to antibiotic resistance

2.50 ± 0.70

2.70 ± 0.61

0.067

Antibiotics for a duration longer than that indicated contribute to antibiotic resistance

2.24 ± 0.82

2.48 ± 0.73

0.073*

Empiric antibiotic therapy contributes to antibiotic resistance

2.38 ± 0.60

2.46 ± 0.70

0.522

Lack of control in the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies contributes to antibiotic resistance

2.82 ± 0.52

2.74 ± 0.63

0.438

Self-medication is one of the primary causes of antibiotic resistance

2.68 ± 0.65

2.72 ± 0.64

0.642

Poor infection control measures contribute to antibiotic resistance

2.60 ± 0.67

2.76 ± 0.51

0.132

Excessive antibiotic use in livestock (animals reared for food) contributes to antibiotic resistance

2.36 ± 0.85

2.82 ± 0.52

0.001*

The use of antibiotics with a broader than necessary spectrum is one of the reasons for the development of antibiotic resistance

2.60 ± 0.69

2.66 ± 0.71

0.627

There are bacterial infections resistant to all available antibiotics

2.36 ± 0.82

2.72 ± 0.67

0.009*

Bacteria can transmit resistance genes between different species

2.72 ± 0.60

2.78 ± 0.41

0.569

Total knowledge score

48.06 ± 6.12

52.35 ± 5.91

0.000