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Table 3 Means and standard deviations of Time 1 psychological traits by male (n = 72) and female (n = 82), and by student type: domestic (n = 101) and international (n = 53)

From: A longitudinal cohort study observed increasing perfectionism and declining resilience, ambiguity tolerance and calling during medical school which is not explained by student personality

 

Time 1: 1st year

Time 1: 1st year

Male

Female

  

Domestic

International

  

M

SD

M

SD

p

Cohen’s d

M

SD

M

SD

p

Cohen’s d

Ambiguity Tolerance

45.20

6.72

43.38

8.00

0.132

0.246

43.05

7.15

46.49

7.60

0.006

0.470

Concern over mistakes

23.70

6.11

24.36

6.43

0.513

0.105

23.79

6.04

24.55

6.72

0.474

0.119

High Standards

14.40

3.61

15.13

3.76

0.215

0.198

14.71

3.66

14.94

3.80

0.715

0.061

Resilience

81.56

10.43

83.45

9.43

0.239

0.190

81.12

8.98

85.31

11.09

0.012

0.429

Calling to medicine

7.19

2.08

7.95

2.03

0.024

0.369

3.65

0.95

4.07

1.14

0.017

0.411

  1. Mean score ranges:
  2. • Tolerance of Ambiguity score range: M = 41.4 (SD = 7.5)—M = 44.0 (SD = 7.18)
  3. • Perfectionism: Concern over Mistakes score range: 8–22. Cut-off score of 19 or higher indicates distress due to perfectionism
  4. • Perfectionism: High Standards score range: Range 5–25
  5. • Resilience score range: Very low = 14–56; Low = 57–64; Moderate low = 65–73; Moderate high = 74–81; High = 82–90; Very high = 91–98
  6. • Calling score range: 2 – 10