Table 2 Descriptives as well as pairwise comparisons for proportion of correctly answered questions and confidence, separated for correct and incorrect answers, and including effect sizes and their confidence intervals (CIs)

Relative number of correctly answered statements

 Sample 1

0.64 (0.10)

0.72 (0.09)

69

 < .001

0.58—1.17

 Sample 2

0.67 (0.09)

0.73 (0.09)

37

 < .001

0.27—0.97

 Sample 3

0.51 (0.09)

0.60 (0.12)

36

 < .001

0.33—1.34

 Sample 4

0.54 (0.12)

0.54 (0.14)

36

.938

-0.31—0.33

 Sample 5

0.57 (0.12)

0.65 (0.11)

71

 < .001

0.39—1.02

Confidence (correct answers)

 Sample 1

3.74 (0.72)

4.64 (0.60)

69

 < .001

1.01—1.68

 Sample 2

3.52 (0.94)

4.72 (0.66)

37

 < .001

0.95—1.93

 Sample 3

4.06 (0.65)

4.88 (0.59)

36

 < .001

0.88—1.75

 Sample 4

4.07 (0.65)

4.60 (0.62)

36

 < .001

0.47—1.20

 Sample 5

4.11 (0.72)

4.93 (0.66)

71

 < .001

0.91—1.49

Confidence (incorrect answers)

 Sample 1

2.73 (0.74)

3.33 (0.96)

69

 < .001

0.44—0.93

 Sample 2

2.58 (1.04)

3.56 (1.04)

37

 < .001

0.60—1.30

 Sample 3

3.67 (0.77)

4.35 (0.85)

36

 < .001

0.47—1.21

 Sample 4

3.70 (0.66)

4.12 (0.75)

36

 < .001

0.23—0.96

 Sample 5

3.57 (0.80)

4.34 (0.90)

71

 < .001

0.64—1.18